त्रयोदश

Sanskrit

**Sanskrit numbers ^(edit)**
← 12	१३ 13	14 →
Cardinal: त्रयोदश (trayodaśa) Ordinal: त्रयोदश (trayodaśa) Multiplier: त्रयोदशधा (trayodaśadhā)

Alternative scripts

ত্ৰয়োদশ (Assamese script)
ᬢ᭄ᬭᬬᭀᬤᬰ (Balinese script)
ত্রয়োদশ (Bengali script)
𑰝𑰿𑰨𑰧𑰺𑰟𑰫 (Bhaiksuki script)
𑀢𑁆𑀭𑀬𑁄𑀤𑀰 (Brahmi script)
တြယောဒၐ (Burmese script)
ત્રયોદશ (Gujarati script)
ਤ੍ਰਯੋਦਸ਼ (Gurmukhi script)
𑌤𑍍𑌰𑌯𑍋𑌦𑌶 (Grantha script)
ꦠꦿꦪꦺꦴꦢꦯ (Javanese script)
𑂞𑂹𑂩𑂨𑂷𑂠𑂬 (Kaithi script)
ತ್ರಯೋದಶ (Kannada script)
ត្រយោទឝ (Khmer script)
ຕ຺ຣໂຍທຨ (Lao script)
ത്രയോദശ (Malayalam script)
ᢠᡵᠠᠶᠣᡩᠠᡧᠠ (Manchu script)
𑘝𑘿𑘨𑘧𑘻𑘟𑘫 (Modi script)
ᢐᠷᠠᠶ᠋ᠣᠸᠠᢑᠠᠱᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
𑦽𑧠𑧈𑧇𑧜𑦿𑧋 (Nandinagari script)
𑐟𑑂𑐬𑐫𑑀𑐡𑐱 (Newa script)
ତ୍ରଯୋଦଶ (Odia script)
ꢡ꣄ꢬꢫꣂꢣꢯ (Saurashtra script)
𑆠𑇀𑆫𑆪𑆾𑆢𑆯 (Sharada script)
𑖝𑖿𑖨𑖧𑖺𑖟𑖫 (Siddham script)
ත්‍රයොදශ (Sinhalese script)
𑩫 𑪙𑩼𑩻𑩕𑩭𑩿 (Soyombo script)
𑚙𑚶𑚤𑚣𑚴𑚛𑚧 (Takri script)
த்ரயோத³ஶ (Tamil script)
త్రయోదశ (Telugu script)
ตฺรโยทศ (Thai script)
ཏྲ་ཡོ་ད་ཤ (Tibetan script)
𑒞𑓂𑒩𑒨𑒼𑒠𑒬 (Tirhuta script)
𑨙𑩇𑨫𑨪𑨆𑨛𑨮 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology 1

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *tráyazdaśa (“thirteen”), from *tráyas (“three”) + *dáśa (“ten”). See त्रयः (tráyaḥ) and दश (dáśa).

Pronunciation

(Vedic) IPA^(key): /tɾɐ́.jɐw.dɐ.ɕɐ/
(Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /t̪ɾɐ.joː.d̪ɐ.ɕɐ/

Numeral

त्रयोदश • (tráyodaśa)

thirteen

Alternative forms

त्रयोदशन् (tráyodaśan) — stem in traditional grammars

Declension

Gender-neutral numeral declension of त्रयो॑दश
	plural
nominative	त्रयो॑दश (tráyodaśa)
accusative	त्रयो॑दश (tráyodaśa)
instrumental	त्र॒यो॒द॒शभिः॑ (trayodaśábhiḥ)
dative	त्र॒यो॒द॒शभ्यः॑ (trayodaśábhyaḥ)
ablative	त्र॒यो॒द॒शभ्यः॑ (trayodaśábhyaḥ)
genitive	त्र॒यो॒द॒शा॒नाम् (trayodaśānā́m)
locative	त्र॒यो॒द॒शसु॑ (trayodaśásu)
vocative	त्रयो॑दश (tráyodaśa)

Descendants

Many descendants appear to continue *trai- ~ *trayē-, rather than trayō-.

Dardic:
- Dameli: [script needed] (troš)
- Gawar-Bati: [script needed] (lowā̃š)
- Grangali: [script needed] (ṣlewas)
- Kashmiri: ترُواہ (truwāh)
- Northeast Pashayi: [script needed] (lūi)
- Northwest Pashayi: [script needed] (trui)
- Palula: [script needed] (treš)
- Savi: [script needed] (trewĩš)
- Shina: [script needed] (c̣õi)
- Shumashti: [script needed] (lāuas)
- Southeast Pashayi: [script needed] (lūi)
- Southwest Pashayi: [script needed] (tri)
- Tirahi: [script needed] (tro)
- Torwali: [script needed] (c̣eš)
- Wotapuri-Katarqalai: [script needed] (teherȭ)
Pali: terasa
Prakrit: 𑀢𑁂𑀭𑀲 (terasa) (see there for further descendants)

References

Monier Williams (1899), “tráyodaśa”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 457, column 2.
Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985), “tráyōdaśa”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 342

Etymology 2

From 'Etymology 1', with change of accent.

Pronunciation

(Vedic) IPA^(key): /tɾɐ.jɐw.dɐ.ɕɐ́/
(Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /t̪ɾɐ.joː.d̪ɐ.ɕɐ/

Adjective

त्र॒यो॒द॒श • (trayodaśá) stem

thirteenth

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of त्र॒यो॒द॒श
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	त्र॒यो॒द॒शः (trayodaśáḥ)	त्र॒यो॒द॒शौ (trayodaśáu) त्र॒यो॒द॒शा¹ (trayodaśā́¹)	त्र॒यो॒द॒शाः (trayodaśā́ḥ) त्र॒यो॒द॒शासः॑¹ (trayodaśā́saḥ¹)
accusative	त्र॒यो॒द॒शम् (trayodaśám)	त्र॒यो॒द॒शौ (trayodaśáu) त्र॒यो॒द॒शा¹ (trayodaśā́¹)	त्र॒यो॒द॒शान् (trayodaśā́n)
instrumental	त्र॒यो॒द॒शेन॑ (trayodaśéna)	त्र॒यो॒द॒शाभ्या॑म् (trayodaśā́bhyām)	त्र॒यो॒द॒शैः (trayodaśáiḥ) त्र॒यो॒द॒शेभिः॑¹ (trayodaśébhiḥ¹)
dative	त्र॒यो॒द॒शाय॑ (trayodaśā́ya)	त्र॒यो॒द॒शाभ्या॑म् (trayodaśā́bhyām)	त्र॒यो॒द॒शेभ्यः॑ (trayodaśébhyaḥ)
ablative	त्र॒यो॒द॒शात् (trayodaśā́t)	त्र॒यो॒द॒शाभ्या॑म् (trayodaśā́bhyām)	त्र॒यो॒द॒शेभ्यः॑ (trayodaśébhyaḥ)
genitive	त्र॒यो॒द॒शस्य॑ (trayodaśásya)	त्र॒यो॒द॒शयोः॑ (trayodaśáyoḥ)	त्र॒यो॒द॒शाना॑म् (trayodaśā́nām)
locative	त्र॒यो॒द॒शे (trayodaśé)	त्र॒यो॒द॒शयोः॑ (trayodaśáyoḥ)	त्र॒यो॒द॒शेषु॑ (trayodaśéṣu)
vocative	त्रयो॑दश (tráyodaśa)	त्रयो॑दशौ (tráyodaśau) त्रयो॑दशा¹ (tráyodaśā¹)	त्रयो॑दशाः (tráyodaśāḥ) त्रयो॑दशासः¹ (tráyodaśāsaḥ¹)

¹Vedic

Feminine ī-stem declension of त्र॒यो॒द॒शी
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	त्र॒यो॒द॒शी (trayodaśī́)	त्र॒यो॒द॒श्यौ॑ (trayodaśyàu) त्र॒यो॒द॒शी¹ (trayodaśī́¹)	त्र॒यो॒द॒श्यः॑ (trayodaśyàḥ) त्र॒यो॒द॒शीः¹ (trayodaśī́ḥ¹)
accusative	त्र॒यो॒द॒शीम् (trayodaśī́m)	त्र॒यो॒द॒श्यौ॑ (trayodaśyàu) त्र॒यो॒द॒शी¹ (trayodaśī́¹)	त्र॒यो॒द॒शीः (trayodaśī́ḥ)
instrumental	त्र॒यो॒द॒श्या (trayodaśyā́)	त्र॒यो॒द॒शीभ्या॑म् (trayodaśī́bhyām)	त्र॒यो॒द॒शीभिः॑ (trayodaśī́bhiḥ)
dative	त्र॒यो॒द॒श्यै (trayodaśyái)	त्र॒यो॒द॒शीभ्या॑म् (trayodaśī́bhyām)	त्र॒यो॒द॒शीभ्यः॑ (trayodaśī́bhyaḥ)
ablative	त्र॒यो॒द॒श्याः (trayodaśyā́ḥ) त्र॒यो॒द॒श्यै² (trayodaśyái²)	त्र॒यो॒द॒शीभ्या॑म् (trayodaśī́bhyām)	त्र॒यो॒द॒शीभ्यः॑ (trayodaśī́bhyaḥ)
genitive	त्र॒यो॒द॒श्याः (trayodaśyā́ḥ) त्र॒यो॒द॒श्यै² (trayodaśyái²)	त्र॒यो॒द॒श्योः (trayodaśyóḥ)	त्र॒यो॒द॒शीना॑म् (trayodaśī́nām)
locative	त्र॒यो॒द॒श्याम् (trayodaśyā́m)	त्र॒यो॒द॒श्योः (trayodaśyóḥ)	त्र॒यो॒द॒शीषु॑ (trayodaśī́ṣu)
vocative	त्रयो॑दशि (tráyodaśi)	त्रयो॑दश्यौ (tráyodaśyau) त्रयो॑दशी¹ (tráyodaśī¹)	त्रयो॑दश्यः (tráyodaśyaḥ) त्रयो॑दशीः¹ (tráyodaśīḥ¹)

¹Vedic
²Brāhmaṇas

Neuter a-stem declension of त्र॒यो॒द॒श
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	त्र॒यो॒द॒शम् (trayodaśám)	त्र॒यो॒द॒शे (trayodaśé)	त्र॒यो॒द॒शानि॑ (trayodaśā́ni) त्र॒यो॒द॒शा¹ (trayodaśā́¹)
accusative	त्र॒यो॒द॒शम् (trayodaśám)	त्र॒यो॒द॒शे (trayodaśé)	त्र॒यो॒द॒शानि॑ (trayodaśā́ni) त्र॒यो॒द॒शा¹ (trayodaśā́¹)
instrumental	त्र॒यो॒द॒शेन॑ (trayodaśéna)	त्र॒यो॒द॒शाभ्या॑म् (trayodaśā́bhyām)	त्र॒यो॒द॒शैः (trayodaśáiḥ) त्र॒यो॒द॒शेभिः॑¹ (trayodaśébhiḥ¹)
dative	त्र॒यो॒द॒शाय॑ (trayodaśā́ya)	त्र॒यो॒द॒शाभ्या॑म् (trayodaśā́bhyām)	त्र॒यो॒द॒शेभ्यः॑ (trayodaśébhyaḥ)
ablative	त्र॒यो॒द॒शात् (trayodaśā́t)	त्र॒यो॒द॒शाभ्या॑म् (trayodaśā́bhyām)	त्र॒यो॒द॒शेभ्यः॑ (trayodaśébhyaḥ)
genitive	त्र॒यो॒द॒शस्य॑ (trayodaśásya)	त्र॒यो॒द॒शयोः॑ (trayodaśáyoḥ)	त्र॒यो॒द॒शाना॑म् (trayodaśā́nām)
locative	त्र॒यो॒द॒शे (trayodaśé)	त्र॒यो॒द॒शयोः॑ (trayodaśáyoḥ)	त्र॒यो॒द॒शेषु॑ (trayodaśéṣu)
vocative	त्रयो॑दश (tráyodaśa)	त्रयो॑दशे (tráyodaśe)	त्रयो॑दशानि (tráyodaśāni) त्रयो॑दशा¹ (tráyodaśā¹)

¹Vedic

References

Monier Williams (1899), “trayodaśá”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 457, column 2.
Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985), “trayōdaśá”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 342