भ्रमति

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

ভ্ৰমতি (Assamese script)
ᬪ᭄ᬭᬫᬢᬶ (Balinese script)
ভ্রমতি (Bengali script)
𑰥𑰿𑰨𑰦𑰝𑰰 (Bhaiksuki script)
𑀪𑁆𑀭𑀫𑀢𑀺 (Brahmi script)
ဘြမတိ (Burmese script)
ભ્રમતિ (Gujarati script)
ਭ੍ਰਮਤਿ (Gurmukhi script)
𑌭𑍍𑌰𑌮𑌤𑌿 (Grantha script)
ꦨꦿꦩꦠꦶ (Javanese script)
𑂦𑂹𑂩𑂧𑂞𑂱 (Kaithi script)
ಭ್ರಮತಿ (Kannada script)
ភ្រមតិ (Khmer script)
ຠ຺ຣມຕິ (Lao script)
ഭ്രമതി (Malayalam script)
ᢨᡵᠠᠮᠠᢠᡳ (Manchu script)
𑘥𑘿𑘨𑘦𑘝𑘱 (Modi script)
ᠪᠾᠷᠠᠮᠠᢐᠢ (Mongolian script)
𑧅𑧠𑧈𑧆𑦽𑧒 (Nandinagari script)
𑐨𑑂𑐬𑐩𑐟𑐶 (Newa script)
ଭ୍ରମତି (Odia script)
ꢩ꣄ꢬꢪꢡꢶ (Saurashtra script)
𑆨𑇀𑆫𑆩𑆠𑆴 (Sharada script)
𑖥𑖿𑖨𑖦𑖝𑖰 (Siddham script)
භ්‍රමති (Sinhalese script)
𑩳 𑪙𑩼𑩴𑩫𑩑 (Soyombo script)
𑚡𑚶𑚤𑚢𑚙𑚮 (Takri script)
ப்⁴ரமதி (Tamil script)
భ్రమతి (Telugu script)
ภฺรมติ (Thai script)
བྷྲ་མ་ཏི (Tibetan script)
𑒦𑓂𑒩𑒧𑒞𑒱 (Tirhuta script)
𑨡𑩇𑨫𑨢𑨙𑨁 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

Uncertain. According to the LIV, the term was probably inherited from Proto-Indo-European *bʰrémHeti, a simple thematic present belonging to a root *bʰremH-.^[1] However, Cheung suggests that the only possible cognate throughout the Indo-European languages is Younger Avestan 𐬠𐬭𐬁𐬯𐬀𐬝 (brāsat̰), a hapax of unclear meaning.^[2]

Pronunciation

(Vedic) IPA^(key): /bʱɾɐ́.mɐ.ti/
(Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /bʱɾɐ.mɐ.t̪i/

Verb

भ्रम॑ति • (bhrámati) third-singular indicative (class 1, type P, root भ्रम्)^[3]

to wander or roam about, rove, ramble
देशम् भ्रमति ― deśam bhramati ― wanders through a country

भिक्षाम् भ्रमति ― bhikṣām bhramati ― goes about begging
- c. 400 BCE, Mahābhārata
- 200 BCE – 1200, Kāvya literature
to fly about (as bees)
- 200 BCE – 1200, Kāvya literature
to roll about (as the eyes)
to wag (as the tongue)
to quiver (as the fetus in the womb)
- c. 700 CE – 900 CE, Bhāgavata Purāṇa
to move to and fro or unsteadily, flicker, flutter, reel, totter
to move round, circulate, revolve (as stars)
- c. 400 BCE, Mahābhārata
to spread, be current (as news)
- Daṡ
to waver, be perplexed, doubt, err

Conjugation

Present: भ्रम॑ति (bhrámati), भ्रम॑ते (bhrámate)
	Active			Mediopassive
	Singular	Dual	Plural	Singular	Dual	Plural
Indicative
Third	भ्रम॑ति bhrámati	भ्रम॑तः bhrámataḥ	भ्रम॑न्ति bhrámanti	भ्रम॑ते bhrámate	भ्रमे॑ते bhrámete	भ्रम॑न्ते bhrámante
Second	भ्रम॑सि bhrámasi	भ्रम॑थः bhrámathaḥ	भ्रम॑थ bhrámatha	भ्रम॑से bhrámase	भ्रमे॑थे bhrámethe	भ्रम॑ध्वे bhrámadhve
First	भ्रमा॑मि bhrámāmi	भ्रमा॑वः bhrámāvaḥ	भ्रमा॑मः / भ्रमा॑मसि¹ bhrámāmaḥ / bhrámāmasi¹	भ्रमे॑ bhráme	भ्रमा॑वहे bhrámāvahe	भ्रमा॑महे bhrámāmahe
Imperative
Third	भ्रम॑तु bhrámatu	भ्रम॑ताम् bhrámatām	भ्रम॑न्तु bhrámantu	भ्रम॑ताम् bhrámatām	भ्रमे॑ताम् bhrámetām	भ्रम॑न्ताम् bhrámantām
Second	भ्रम॑ bhráma	भ्रम॑तम् bhrámatam	भ्रम॑त bhrámata	भ्रम॑स्व bhrámasva	भ्रमे॑थाम् bhrámethām	भ्रम॑ध्वम् bhrámadhvam
First	भ्रमा॑णि bhrámāṇi	भ्रमा॑व bhrámāva	भ्रमा॑म bhrámāma	भ्रमै॑ bhrámai	भ्रमा॑वहै bhrámāvahai	भ्रमा॑महै bhrámāmahai
Optative/Potential
Third	भ्रमे॑त् bhrámet	भ्रमे॑ताम् bhrámetām	भ्रमे॑युः bhrámeyuḥ	भ्रमे॑त bhrámeta	भ्रमे॑याताम् bhrámeyātām	भ्रमे॑रन् bhrámeran
Second	भ्रमेः॑ bhrámeḥ	भ्रमे॑तम् bhrámetam	भ्रमे॑त bhrámeta	भ्रमे॑थाः bhrámethāḥ	भ्रमे॑याथाम् bhrámeyāthām	भ्रमे॑ध्वम् bhrámedhvam
First	भ्रमे॑यम् bhrámeyam	भ्रमे॑व bhrámeva	भ्रमे॑म bhrámema	भ्रमे॑य bhrámeya	भ्रमे॑वहि bhrámevahi	भ्रमे॑महि bhrámemahi
Subjunctive
Third	भ्रमा॑त् / भ्रमा॑ति bhrámāt / bhrámāti	भ्रमा॑तः bhrámātaḥ	भ्रमा॑न् bhrámān	भ्रमा॑ते / भ्रमा॑तै bhrámāte / bhrámātai	भ्रमै॑ते bhrámaite	भ्रम॑न्त / भ्रमा॑न्तै bhrámanta / bhrámāntai
Second	भ्रमाः॑ / भ्रमा॑सि bhrámāḥ / bhrámāsi	भ्रमा॑थः bhrámāthaḥ	भ्रमा॑थ bhrámātha	भ्रमा॑से / भ्रमा॑सै bhrámāse / bhrámāsai	भ्रमै॑थे bhrámaithe	भ्रमा॑ध्वै bhrámādhvai
First	भ्रमा॑णि bhrámāṇi	भ्रमा॑व bhrámāva	भ्रमा॑म bhrámāma	भ्रमै॑ bhrámai	भ्रमा॑वहै bhrámāvahai	भ्रमा॑महै bhrámāmahai
Participles
	भ्रम॑त् bhrámat			भ्रम॑माण bhrámamāṇa
Notes	The subjunctive is only used in Vedic Sanskrit. ¹Vedic

Imperfect: अभ्र॑मत् (ábhramat), अभ्र॑मत (ábhramata)
	Active			Mediopassive
	Singular	Dual	Plural	Singular	Dual	Plural
Indicative
Third	अभ्र॑मत् ábhramat	अभ्र॑मताम् ábhramatām	अभ्र॑मन् ábhraman	अभ्र॑मत ábhramata	अभ्र॑मेताम् ábhrametām	अभ्र॑मन्त ábhramanta
Second	अभ्र॑मः ábhramaḥ	अभ्र॑मतम् ábhramatam	अभ्र॑मत ábhramata	अभ्र॑मथाः ábhramathāḥ	अभ्र॑मेथाम् ábhramethām	अभ्र॑मध्वम् ábhramadhvam
First	अभ्र॑मम् ábhramam	अभ्र॑माव ábhramāva	अभ्र॑माम ábhramāma	अभ्र॑मे ábhrame	अभ्र॑मावहि ábhramāvahi	अभ्र॑मामहि ábhramāmahi

Descendants

Pali: bhamati
Dardic:
- Kashmiri: برمن (bramun)
Prakrit: 𑀪𑀫𑀇 (bhamaï)
- Central:
  - Old Hindi: भँवना (bham̐vanā, “to revolve, wander”)
- Western:
  - Old Gujarati: भमइ (bhamaï)
    - Gujarati: ભમવું (bhamvũ)
→ Old Hindi: भरमना (bharamanā) (semi-learned)

References

^ Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*bʰremH-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 94
^ Cheung, Johnny (2007), “*bramH?”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 25
^ Monier Williams (1899), “भ्रमति”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 769.

Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985), “bhramati”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press

[1] Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*bʰremH-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 94

[2] Cheung, Johnny (2007), “*bramH?”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 25

[3] Monier Williams (1899), “भ्रमति”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 769.

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