मुक्ता
Sanskrit
[edit]Alternative scripts
[edit]Alternative scripts
- মুক্তা (Assamese script)
- ᬫᬸᬓ᭄ᬢᬵ (Balinese script)
- মুক্তা (Bengali script)
- 𑰦𑰲𑰎𑰿𑰝𑰯 (Bhaiksuki script)
- 𑀫𑀼𑀓𑁆𑀢𑀸 (Brahmi script)
- မုက္တာ (Burmese script)
- મુક્તા (Gujarati script)
- ਮੁਕ੍ਤਾ (Gurmukhi script)
- 𑌮𑍁𑌕𑍍𑌤𑌾 (Grantha script)
- ꦩꦸꦏ꧀ꦠꦴ (Javanese script)
- 𑂧𑂳𑂍𑂹𑂞𑂰 (Kaithi script)
- ಮುಕ್ತಾ (Kannada script)
- មុក្តា (Khmer script)
- ມຸກ຺ຕາ (Lao script)
- മുക്താ (Malayalam script)
- ᠮᡠᡬᢠᠠᢇ (Manchu script)
- 𑘦𑘳𑘎𑘿𑘝𑘰 (Modi script)
- ᠮᠤᢉᢐᠠ᠋ᠠ (Mongolian script)
- 𑧆𑧔𑦮𑧠𑦽𑧑 (Nandinagari script)
- 𑐩𑐸𑐎𑑂𑐟𑐵 (Newa script)
- ମୁକ୍ତା (Odia script)
- ꢪꢸꢒ꣄ꢡꢵ (Saurashtra script)
- 𑆩𑆶𑆑𑇀𑆠𑆳 (Sharada script)
- 𑖦𑖲𑖎𑖿𑖝𑖯 (Siddham script)
- මුක්තා (Sinhalese script)
- 𑩴𑩒𑩜 𑪙𑩫𑩛 (Soyombo script)
- 𑚢𑚰𑚊𑚶𑚙𑚭 (Takri script)
- முக்தா (Tamil script)
- ముక్తా (Telugu script)
- มุกฺตา (Thai script)
- མུ་ཀྟཱ (Tibetan script)
- 𑒧𑒳𑒏𑓂𑒞𑒰 (Tirhuta script)
- 𑨢𑨃𑨋𑩇𑨙𑨊 (Zanabazar Square script)
Etymology
[edit]Traditionally derived from मुच् (√muc, “to loosen, let loose, free” (verb मुञ्चति (muñcáti))) + -त (-ta, “-ed”), as pearl collectors would "loosen" pearls from the shells of clams.
However, Mayrhofer considers the above to be folk etymology, and prefers to derive the word from an unattested intermediate *मुत्ता (*muttā) (whence Pali muttā (“pearl”)), which was hyper-corrected in order to match the folk etymology.
In light of the intermediate form, more likely from मूर्ता (mūrtā, “trickled, spread-over, congealed”), the past participle of मूर्छ् (mūrch), or, along with corresponding Dravidian words (compare Tamil முத்து (muttu)), borrowed from some other source language.[1][2]
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]मुक्ता • (muktā) stem, f
Declension
[edit]| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | मुक्ता (muktā) | मुक्ते (mukte) | मुक्ताः (muktāḥ) |
| accusative | मुक्ताम् (muktām) | मुक्ते (mukte) | मुक्ताः (muktāḥ) |
| instrumental | मुक्तया (muktayā) मुक्ता¹ (muktā¹) |
मुक्ताभ्याम् (muktābhyām) | मुक्ताभिः (muktābhiḥ) |
| dative | मुक्तायै (muktāyai) | मुक्ताभ्याम् (muktābhyām) | मुक्ताभ्यः (muktābhyaḥ) |
| ablative | मुक्तायाः (muktāyāḥ) मुक्तायै² (muktāyai²) |
मुक्ताभ्याम् (muktābhyām) | मुक्ताभ्यः (muktābhyaḥ) |
| genitive | मुक्तायाः (muktāyāḥ) मुक्तायै² (muktāyai²) |
मुक्तयोः (muktayoḥ) | मुक्तानाम् (muktānām) |
| locative | मुक्तायाम् (muktāyām) | मुक्तयोः (muktayoḥ) | मुक्तासु (muktāsu) |
| vocative | मुक्ते (mukte) | मुक्ते (mukte) | मुक्ताः (muktāḥ) |
- ¹Vedic
- ²Brāhmaṇas
Synonyms
[edit]- मुक्त (mukta, “pearl”)
Descendants
[edit]- >? Pali: muttā
- >? Prakrit:
- → Bengali: মুক্তা (mukta), মুক্তো (muktō) — Rarh, pronunciation spelling
- → Hindi: मुक्ता (muktā)
- → Odia: ମୁକ୍ତା (muktā)
- → Thai: มุก (múk)
References
[edit]- ^ Mayrhofer, Manfred (2001), “muktā-”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan][1] (in German), volume 3, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 408
- ^ Mayrhofer, Manfred (1963), “muktā”, in Kurzgefasstes Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindischen [A Concise Etymological Sanskrit Dictionary][2] (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 647f
Further reading
[edit]- Monier Williams (1899), “मुक्ता”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 820, column 3.