मूढ
Marathi
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Inherited from Old Marathi 𑘦𑘳𑘛 (mūḍha), from Prakrit 𑀫𑀽𑀠 (mūḍha), from Sanskrit मूढ (mūḍha).
Pronunciation
[edit]Adjective
[edit]मूढ • (mūḍh)
References
[edit]- Berntsen, Maxine (1982–1983), “मूढ”, in A Basic Marathi-English Dictionary, New Delhi: American Institute of Indian Studies
- Molesworth, James Thomas (1857), “मूढ”, in A dictionary, Marathi and English, Bombay: Printed for government at the Bombay Education Society's Press
- Shankar Gopal Tulpule; Anne Feldhaus (1999), “मूढ”, in A Dictionary of Old Marathi, Mumbai: Popular Prakashan
Prakrit
[edit]Adjective
[edit]मूढ (mūḍha)
- Devanagari script form of 𑀫𑀽𑀠 (“foolish”)
Sanskrit
[edit]Alternative scripts
[edit]Alternative scripts
- মূঢ (Assamese script)
- ᬫᬹᬠ (Balinese script)
- মূঢ (Bengali script)
- 𑰦𑰳𑰛 (Bhaiksuki script)
- 𑀫𑀽𑀠 (Brahmi script)
- မူဎ (Burmese script)
- મૂઢ (Gujarati script)
- ਮੂਢ (Gurmukhi script)
- 𑌮𑍂𑌢 (Grantha script)
- ꦩꦹꦞ (Javanese script)
- 𑂧𑂴𑂛 (Kaithi script)
- ಮೂಢ (Kannada script)
- មូឍ (Khmer script)
- ມູຒ (Lao script)
- മൂഢ (Malayalam script)
- ᠮᡠᡠᢟᠠ (Manchu script)
- 𑘦𑘴𑘛 (Modi script)
- ᠮᠤᠤᢎᠾᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
- 𑧆𑧕𑦻 (Nandinagari script)
- 𑐩𑐹𑐝 (Newa script)
- ମୂଢ (Odia script)
- ꢪꢹꢟ (Saurashtra script)
- 𑆩𑆷𑆞 (Sharada script)
- 𑖦𑖳𑖛 (Siddham script)
- මූඪ (Sinhalese script)
- 𑩴𑩒𑩛𑩩 (Soyombo script)
- 𑚢𑚱𑚗 (Takri script)
- மூட⁴ (Tamil script)
- మూఢ (Telugu script)
- มูฒ (Thai script)
- མཱུ་ཌྷ (Tibetan script)
- 𑒧𑒴𑒜 (Tirhuta script)
- 𑨢𑨃𑨊𑨗 (Zanabazar Square script)
Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Indo-Aryan *muẓḍʰás, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *muždʰás, from the root *mawǰʰ- (“to err, to deviate”). Compare Prakrit 𑀫𑀼𑀟𑁆𑀠 (muḍḍha). The Sanskrit root is मुह् (muh), which see for more.
Pronunciation
[edit]Adjective
[edit]मू॒ढ • (mūḍhá) stem
- stupefied, bewildered, perplexed, confused, flummoxed, at a loss or uncertain about (with locative case)
- c. 500 BCE – 100 BCE, Rāmāyaṇa 6.106.11:
- न भीतो ऽस्मि न मूढो ऽस्मि नोपजप्तो ऽस्मि शत्रुभिः ।
न प्रमत्तो न निःस्नेहो विस्मृता न च सत्क्रिया ॥- na bhīto ʼsmi na mūḍho ʼsmi nopajapto ʼsmi śatrubhiḥ.
na pramatto na niḥsneho vismṛtā na ca satkriyā. - I am neither afraid, nor bewildered; nor have I been brought over by the enemies.
I have not become inattentive and heedless, and I have not forgotten your good deeds.
- na bhīto ʼsmi na mūḍho ʼsmi nopajapto ʼsmi śatrubhiḥ.
- न भीतो ऽस्मि न मूढो ऽस्मि नोपजप्तो ऽस्मि शत्रुभिः ।
- stupid, dull, foolish, silly, doltish
- c. 400 BCE, Bhagavad Gītā 7.25.2:
- मूढो ऽयं नाभिजानाति लोको माम् अजम् अव्ययम् ॥
- mūḍho ʼyaṃ nābhijānāti loko mām ajam avyayam.
- A fool does not recognize Me, the eternal and imperishable one.
- मूढो ऽयं नाभिजानाति लोको माम् अजम् अव्ययम् ॥
- mistaken, deceived, deluded, erring, gone astray or adrift
- driven out of its course (as a ship)
- c. 500 BCE – 100 BCE, Rāmāyaṇa 6.50.1:
- अथोवाच महातेजा हरिराजो महाबलः ।
किम् इयं व्यथिता सेना मूढवातेव नौर् जले ॥- athovāca mahātejā harirājo mahābalaḥ.
kim iyaṃ vyathitā senā mūḍhavāteva naur jale. - Thus said the illustrious and mighty king of monkeys,
‘why is this army distressed, like a gone astray in the water?’
- athovāca mahātejā harirājo mahābalaḥ.
- अथोवाच महातेजा हरिराजो महाबलः ।
- abortive, outside of the right place (as the fetus in delivery)
- driven out of its course (as a ship)
- unclear, indistinct, unascertainable, perplexing, confounding, confusing, stupefying
- Viṣṇu Purāṇa 1.2.45.1:
- न शान्ता नापि घोरास् ते न मूढाश् चाविशेषिणः ।
- na śāntā nāpi ghorās te na mūḍhāś cāviśeṣiṇaḥ.
- The Tanmātras do not have special qualities, and therefore they are neither soothing, nor terrifying, nor stupifying.
- न शान्ता नापि घोरास् ते न मूढाश् चाविशेषिणः ।
Declension
[edit]| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | मू॒ढः (mūḍháḥ) | मू॒ढौ (mūḍháu) मू॒ढा¹ (mūḍhā́¹) |
मू॒ढाः (mūḍhā́ḥ) मू॒ढासः॑¹ (mūḍhā́saḥ¹) |
| accusative | मू॒ढम् (mūḍhám) | मू॒ढौ (mūḍháu) मू॒ढा¹ (mūḍhā́¹) |
मू॒ढान् (mūḍhā́n) |
| instrumental | मू॒ढेन॑ (mūḍhéna) | मू॒ढाभ्या॑म् (mūḍhā́bhyām) | मू॒ढैः (mūḍháiḥ) मू॒ढेभिः॑¹ (mūḍhébhiḥ¹) |
| dative | मू॒ढाय॑ (mūḍhā́ya) | मू॒ढाभ्या॑म् (mūḍhā́bhyām) | मू॒ढेभ्यः॑ (mūḍhébhyaḥ) |
| ablative | मू॒ढात् (mūḍhā́t) | मू॒ढाभ्या॑म् (mūḍhā́bhyām) | मू॒ढेभ्यः॑ (mūḍhébhyaḥ) |
| genitive | मू॒ढस्य॑ (mūḍhásya) | मू॒ढयोः॑ (mūḍháyoḥ) | मू॒ढाना॑म् (mūḍhā́nām) |
| locative | मू॒ढे (mūḍhé) | मू॒ढयोः॑ (mūḍháyoḥ) | मू॒ढेषु॑ (mūḍhéṣu) |
| vocative | मूढ॑ (mū́ḍha) | मूढौ॑ (mū́ḍhau) मूढा॑¹ (mū́ḍhā¹) |
मूढाः॑ (mū́ḍhāḥ) मूढा॑सः¹ (mū́ḍhāsaḥ¹) |
- ¹Vedic
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | मू॒ढी (mūḍhī́) | मू॒ढ्यौ॑ (mūḍhyàu) मू॒ढी¹ (mūḍhī́¹) |
मू॒ढ्यः॑ (mūḍhyàḥ) मू॒ढीः¹ (mūḍhī́ḥ¹) |
| accusative | मू॒ढीम् (mūḍhī́m) | मू॒ढ्यौ॑ (mūḍhyàu) मू॒ढी¹ (mūḍhī́¹) |
मू॒ढीः (mūḍhī́ḥ) |
| instrumental | मू॒ढ्या (mūḍhyā́) | मू॒ढीभ्या॑म् (mūḍhī́bhyām) | मू॒ढीभिः॑ (mūḍhī́bhiḥ) |
| dative | मू॒ढ्यै (mūḍhyái) | मू॒ढीभ्या॑म् (mūḍhī́bhyām) | मू॒ढीभ्यः॑ (mūḍhī́bhyaḥ) |
| ablative | मू॒ढ्याः (mūḍhyā́ḥ) मू॒ढ्यै² (mūḍhyái²) |
मू॒ढीभ्या॑म् (mūḍhī́bhyām) | मू॒ढीभ्यः॑ (mūḍhī́bhyaḥ) |
| genitive | मू॒ढ्याः (mūḍhyā́ḥ) मू॒ढ्यै² (mūḍhyái²) |
मू॒ढ्योः (mūḍhyóḥ) | मू॒ढीना॑म् (mūḍhī́nām) मू॒ढी॒नाम्³ (mūḍhīnā́m³) |
| locative | मू॒ढ्याम् (mūḍhyā́m) | मू॒ढ्योः (mūḍhyóḥ) | मू॒ढीषु॑ (mūḍhī́ṣu) |
| vocative | मूढि॑ (mū́ḍhi) | मूढ्यौ॑ (mū́ḍhyau) मूढी॑¹ (mū́ḍhī¹) |
मूढ्यः॑ (mū́ḍhyaḥ) मूढीः॑¹ (mū́ḍhīḥ¹) |
- ¹Vedic
- ²Brāhmaṇas
- ³Rigvedic
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | मू॒ढम् (mūḍhám) | मू॒ढे (mūḍhé) | मू॒ढानि॑ (mūḍhā́ni) मू॒ढा¹ (mūḍhā́¹) |
| accusative | मू॒ढम् (mūḍhám) | मू॒ढे (mūḍhé) | मू॒ढानि॑ (mūḍhā́ni) मू॒ढा¹ (mūḍhā́¹) |
| instrumental | मू॒ढेन॑ (mūḍhéna) | मू॒ढाभ्या॑म् (mūḍhā́bhyām) | मू॒ढैः (mūḍháiḥ) मू॒ढेभिः॑¹ (mūḍhébhiḥ¹) |
| dative | मू॒ढाय॑ (mūḍhā́ya) | मू॒ढाभ्या॑म् (mūḍhā́bhyām) | मू॒ढेभ्यः॑ (mūḍhébhyaḥ) |
| ablative | मू॒ढात् (mūḍhā́t) | मू॒ढाभ्या॑म् (mūḍhā́bhyām) | मू॒ढेभ्यः॑ (mūḍhébhyaḥ) |
| genitive | मू॒ढस्य॑ (mūḍhásya) | मू॒ढयोः॑ (mūḍháyoḥ) | मू॒ढाना॑म् (mūḍhā́nām) |
| locative | मू॒ढे (mūḍhé) | मू॒ढयोः॑ (mūḍháyoḥ) | मू॒ढेषु॑ (mūḍhéṣu) |
| vocative | मूढ॑ (mū́ḍha) | मूढे॑ (mū́ḍhe) | मूढा॑नि (mū́ḍhāni) मूढा॑¹ (mū́ḍhā¹) |
- ¹Vedic
Noun
[edit]मूढ • (mūḍha) stem, n
Declension
[edit]| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | मूढः (mūḍhaḥ) | मूढौ (mūḍhau) मूढा¹ (mūḍhā¹) |
मूढाः (mūḍhāḥ) मूढासः¹ (mūḍhāsaḥ¹) |
| accusative | मूढम् (mūḍham) | मूढौ (mūḍhau) मूढा¹ (mūḍhā¹) |
मूढान् (mūḍhān) |
| instrumental | मूढेन (mūḍhena) | मूढाभ्याम् (mūḍhābhyām) | मूढैः (mūḍhaiḥ) मूढेभिः¹ (mūḍhebhiḥ¹) |
| dative | मूढाय (mūḍhāya) | मूढाभ्याम् (mūḍhābhyām) | मूढेभ्यः (mūḍhebhyaḥ) |
| ablative | मूढात् (mūḍhāt) | मूढाभ्याम् (mūḍhābhyām) | मूढेभ्यः (mūḍhebhyaḥ) |
| genitive | मूढस्य (mūḍhasya) | मूढयोः (mūḍhayoḥ) | मूढानाम् (mūḍhānām) |
| locative | मूढे (mūḍhe) | मूढयोः (mūḍhayoḥ) | मूढेषु (mūḍheṣu) |
| vocative | मूढ (mūḍha) | मूढौ (mūḍhau) मूढा¹ (mūḍhā¹) |
मूढाः (mūḍhāḥ) मूढासः¹ (mūḍhāsaḥ¹) |
- ¹Vedic
Related terms
[edit]Descendants
[edit]- Pali: mūḷha
- Prakrit: 𑀫𑀽𑀠 (mūḍha)
- → Old Javanese: mūḍha
- → Kannada: ಮೂಢ (mūḍha)
- → Tamil: மூடன் (mūṭaṉ), மூடி (mūṭi)
References
[edit]- Monier Williams (1899), “मूढ”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 825.
- Apte, Vaman Shivram (1890), “मूढ”, in The practical Sanskrit-English dictionary, Poona: Prasad Prakashan, page 1280
- Hellwig, Oliver (2010–2026), “muh”, in DCS - The Digital Corpus of Sanskrit, Berlin, Germany.
- Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985), “mūḍhá”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 590
Categories:
- Marathi terms inherited from Old Marathi
- Marathi terms derived from Old Marathi
- Marathi terms inherited from Prakrit
- Marathi terms derived from Prakrit
- Marathi terms inherited from Sanskrit
- Marathi terms derived from Sanskrit
- Marathi terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Marathi/uɖʱ
- Rhymes:Marathi/uɖʱ/1 syllable
- Marathi lemmas
- Marathi adjectives
- Marathi adjectives in Devanagari script
- Prakrit lemmas
- Prakrit adjectives
- Prakrit adjectives in Devanagari script
- Sanskrit terms inherited from Proto-Indo-Aryan
- Sanskrit terms derived from Proto-Indo-Aryan
- Sanskrit terms inherited from Proto-Indo-Iranian
- Sanskrit terms derived from Proto-Indo-Iranian
- Sanskrit terms belonging to the root मुह्
- Sanskrit terms with IPA pronunciation
- Sanskrit lemmas
- Sanskrit adjectives
- Sanskrit adjectives in Devanagari script
- Sanskrit terms with quotations
- Sanskrit a-stem adjectives
- Sanskrit nouns
- Sanskrit nouns in Devanagari script
- Sanskrit neuter nouns
- Sanskrit a-stem nouns