यथा

Hindi

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit यथा (yathā).

Pronunciation

• (Standard Hindi) IPA^(key): /jə.t̪ʰɑː/, [jɐ.t̪ʰäː]

Adverb

यथा • (yathā)

1. (literary, formal) thus, therefore
2. (literary, formal) namely, videlicet

   Synonym: जैसे (jaise)

Pali

Alternative forms

Alternative scripts

• yathā (Latin script)
• 𑀬𑀣𑀸 (Brahmi script)
• যথা (Bengali script)
• යථා (Sinhalese script)
• ယထာ or ယထႃ (Burmese script)
• ยถา or ยะถา (Thai script)
• ᨿᨳᩣ (Tai Tham script)
• ຍຖາ or ຍະຖາ or ຢະຖາ (Lao script)
• យថា (Khmer script)
• 𑄠𑄗𑄂 (Chakma script)

Adverb

यथा (yathā)

1. Devanagari script form of yathā

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

Alternative scripts

• যথা (Assamese script)
• ᬬᬣᬵ (Balinese script)
• যথা (Bengali script)
• 𑰧𑰞𑰯 (Bhaiksuki script)
• 𑀬𑀣𑀸 (Brahmi script)
• ယထာ (Burmese script)
• યથા (Gujarati script)
• ਯਥਾ (Gurmukhi script)
• 𑌯𑌥𑌾 (Grantha script)
• ꦪꦡꦴ (Javanese script)
• 𑂨𑂟𑂰 (Kaithi script)
• ಯಥಾ (Kannada script)
• យថា (Khmer script)
• ຍຖາ (Lao script)
• യഥാ (Malayalam script)
• ᠶᠠᡨᠠᢇ (Manchu script)
• 𑘧𑘞𑘰 (Modi script)
• ᠶ᠋ᠠᠲᠠ᠋᠎ᠠ (Mongolian script)
• 𑧇𑦾𑧑 (Nandinagari script)
• 𑐫𑐠𑐵 (Newa script)
• ଯଥା (Odia script)
• ꢫꢢꢵ (Saurashtra script)
• 𑆪𑆡𑆳 (Sharada script)
• 𑖧𑖞𑖯 (Siddham script)
• යථා (Sinhalese script)
• 𑩻𑩬𑩛 (Soyombo script)
• 𑚣𑚚𑚭 (Takri script)
• யத²ா (Tamil script)
• యథా (Telugu script)
• ยถา (Thai script)
• ཡ་ཐཱ (Tibetan script)
• 𑒨𑒟𑒰 (Tirhuta script)
• 𑨪𑨚𑨊 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *HyátʰaH (“as, like”), from Proto-Indo-European *Hyós. Compare Avestan 𐬫𐬀𐬚𐬁 (yaθā) and Old Persian 𐎹𐎰𐎠 (y-θ-a /⁠yaθā⁠/). By surface analysis, यद् (yád) +‎ -था (-thā).

Pronunciation

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /jɐ́.tʰɑː/
• (Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /jɐ.t̪ʰɑː/

Adverb

यथा॑ • (yáthā)

1. in which manner or way, according as, as, like
   • c. 1500 BCE – 1000 BCE, Ṛgveda 5.78.7:

     यथा॒ वातः॑ पुष्क॒रिणीं॑ समि॒ङ्गय॑ति स॒र्वतः॑ ।
     ए॒वा ते॒ गर्भ॑ एजतु नि॒रैतु॒ दश॑मास्यः ॥

     yáthā vā́taḥ puṣkaríṇīṃ samiṅgáyati sarvátaḥ.
     evā́ te gárbha ejatu niráitu dáśamāsyaḥ.

     Move the unborn baby inside you just like the wind on every side ruffles a pool of lotuses,
     So that the ten-month baby may be born.

Descendants

• Ashokan Prakrit: 𑀬𑀣𑀸 (yathā)
  • Ardhamagadhi Prakrit: 𑀚𑀳 (jaha), 𑀚𑀳𑀸 (jahā)
  • Magadhi Prakrit: 𑀬𑀥𑀸 (yadhā)
  • Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀚𑀳 (jaha), 𑀚𑀳𑀸 (jahā)
  • Paisaci Prakrit:
    • Takka Apabhramsa: [script needed] (jidha /⁠ਜਿਧ⁠/)
      • Punjabi: ਜਿਹਾ (jihā)
    • Vracada Apabhramsa:
      • Sindhi:

        Arabic script: جان (jā̃)

        Devanagari script: जां

  • Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀚𑀥 (jadha), 𑀚𑀥𑀸 (jadhā)
• Gandhari: 𐨩𐨯 (yasa)
• Pali: yathā
• → Hindi: यथा (yathā)
• → Bengali: যথা (jotha)

References

• Monier Williams (1899), “Yáthā”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 841, column 2.
• Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996), “yáthā”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎^[1] (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 397
• Lubotsky, Alexander (2011), “yáthā”, in The Indo-Aryan Inherited Lexicon (in progress) (Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Project), Leiden University, page 613