यातयाम

Sanskrit

Alternative forms

• यातयामन् (yātáyāman)

Alternative scripts

Alternative scripts

• যাতয়াম (Assamese script)
• ᬬᬵᬢᬬᬵᬫ (Balinese script)
• যাতয়াম (Bengali script)
• 𑰧𑰯𑰝𑰧𑰯𑰦 (Bhaiksuki script)
• 𑀬𑀸𑀢𑀬𑀸𑀫 (Brahmi script)
• ယာတယာမ (Burmese script)
• યાતયામ (Gujarati script)
• ਯਾਤਯਾਮ (Gurmukhi script)
• 𑌯𑌾𑌤𑌯𑌾𑌮 (Grantha script)
• ꦪꦴꦠꦪꦴꦩ (Javanese script)
• 𑂨𑂰𑂞𑂨𑂰𑂧 (Kaithi script)
• ಯಾತಯಾಮ (Kannada script)
• យាតយាម (Khmer script)
• ຍາຕຍາມ (Lao script)
• യാതയാമ (Malayalam script)
• ᠶᠠ᠎᠊ᠠᢠᠠᠶᠠ᠎᠊ᠠᠮᠠ (Manchu script)
• 𑘧𑘰𑘝𑘧𑘰𑘦 (Modi script)
• ᠶ᠋ᠠᢗᢐᠠᠶ᠋ᠠᢗᠮᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
• 𑧇𑧑𑦽𑧇𑧑𑧆 (Nandinagari script)
• 𑐫𑐵𑐟𑐫𑐵𑐩 (Newa script)
• ଯାତଯାମ (Odia script)
• ꢫꢵꢡꢫꢵꢪ (Saurashtra script)
• 𑆪𑆳𑆠𑆪𑆳𑆩 (Sharada script)
• 𑖧𑖯𑖝𑖧𑖯𑖦 (Siddham script)
• යාතයාම (Sinhalese script)
• 𑩻𑩛𑩫𑩻𑩛𑩴 (Soyombo script)
• 𑚣𑚭𑚙𑚣𑚭𑚢 (Takri script)
• யாதயாம (Tamil script)
• యాతయామ (Telugu script)
• ยาตยาม (Thai script)
• ཡཱ་ཏ་ཡཱ་མ (Tibetan script)
• 𑒨𑒰𑒞𑒨𑒰𑒧 (Tirhuta script)
• 𑨪𑨊𑨙𑨪𑨊𑨢 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

Compound of यात (yātá, “gone, escaped, finished”) +‎ याम (yā́ma, “motion, course, going, progress; night watch of three hours”), literally “[of which the] progress/motion/course is finished/gone; something which has spent 3 hours”, both from the root या (yā, “to go, move”).

Pronunciation

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /jɑː.tɐ́.jɑː.mɐ/
• (Classical) IPA^(key): /jɑː.t̪ɐˈjɑː.mɐ/

Adjective

यातयाम • (yātáyāma) stem

1. used, spoilt, useless, rejected, exhausted, worn out
2. stale, unfresh (especially, of food which has been prepared more than three hours before being eaten)
   • c. 400 BCE, Bhagavad Gītā 17.10:

     यातयामं गतरसं पूति पर्युषितं च यत्। उच्छिष्टमपि चामेध्यं भोजनं तामसप्रियम्॥

     yātayāmaṃ gatarasaṃ pūti paryuṣitaṃ ca yat. ucchiṣṭamapi cāmedhyaṃ bhojanaṃ tāmasapriyam.

     Food prepared more than three hours before being eaten, food that is tasteless, decomposed and putrid, and left-over food that is untouchable and impure is dear to those in the mode of darkness.

3. old, aged

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of यातयाम (yātáyāma)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	यातयामः yātáyāmaḥ	यातयामौ / यातयामा¹ yātáyāmau / yātáyāmā¹	यातयामाः / यातयामासः¹ yātáyāmāḥ / yātáyāmāsaḥ¹
Vocative	यातयाम yā́tayāma	यातयामौ / यातयामा¹ yā́tayāmau / yā́tayāmā¹	यातयामाः / यातयामासः¹ yā́tayāmāḥ / yā́tayāmāsaḥ¹
Accusative	यातयामम् yātáyāmam	यातयामौ / यातयामा¹ yātáyāmau / yātáyāmā¹	यातयामान् yātáyāmān
Instrumental	यातयामेन yātáyāmena	यातयामाभ्याम् yātáyāmābhyām	यातयामैः / यातयामेभिः¹ yātáyāmaiḥ / yātáyāmebhiḥ¹
Dative	यातयामाय yātáyāmāya	यातयामाभ्याम् yātáyāmābhyām	यातयामेभ्यः yātáyāmebhyaḥ
Ablative	यातयामात् yātáyāmāt	यातयामाभ्याम् yātáyāmābhyām	यातयामेभ्यः yātáyāmebhyaḥ
Genitive	यातयामस्य yātáyāmasya	यातयामयोः yātáyāmayoḥ	यातयामानाम् yātáyāmānām
Locative	यातयामे yātáyāme	यातयामयोः yātáyāmayoḥ	यातयामेषु yātáyāmeṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

Feminine ā-stem declension of यातयामा (yātáyāmā)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	यातयामा yātáyāmā	यातयामे yātáyāme	यातयामाः yātáyāmāḥ
Vocative	यातयामे yā́tayāme	यातयामे yā́tayāme	यातयामाः yā́tayāmāḥ
Accusative	यातयामाम् yātáyāmām	यातयामे yātáyāme	यातयामाः yātáyāmāḥ
Instrumental	यातयामया / यातयामा¹ yātáyāmayā / yātáyāmā¹	यातयामाभ्याम् yātáyāmābhyām	यातयामाभिः yātáyāmābhiḥ
Dative	यातयामायै yātáyāmāyai	यातयामाभ्याम् yātáyāmābhyām	यातयामाभ्यः yātáyāmābhyaḥ
Ablative	यातयामायाः / यातयामायै² yātáyāmāyāḥ / yātáyāmāyai²	यातयामाभ्याम् yātáyāmābhyām	यातयामाभ्यः yātáyāmābhyaḥ
Genitive	यातयामायाः / यातयामायै² yātáyāmāyāḥ / yātáyāmāyai²	यातयामयोः yātáyāmayoḥ	यातयामानाम् yātáyāmānām
Locative	यातयामायाम् yātáyāmāyām	यातयामयोः yātáyāmayoḥ	यातयामासु yātáyāmāsu
Notes	¹Vedic ²Brāhmaṇas

Neuter a-stem declension of यातयाम (yātáyāma)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	यातयामम् yātáyāmam	यातयामे yātáyāme	यातयामानि / यातयामा¹ yātáyāmāni / yātáyāmā¹
Vocative	यातयाम yā́tayāma	यातयामे yā́tayāme	यातयामानि / यातयामा¹ yā́tayāmāni / yā́tayāmā¹
Accusative	यातयामम् yātáyāmam	यातयामे yātáyāme	यातयामानि / यातयामा¹ yātáyāmāni / yātáyāmā¹
Instrumental	यातयामेन yātáyāmena	यातयामाभ्याम् yātáyāmābhyām	यातयामैः / यातयामेभिः¹ yātáyāmaiḥ / yātáyāmebhiḥ¹
Dative	यातयामाय yātáyāmāya	यातयामाभ्याम् yātáyāmābhyām	यातयामेभ्यः yātáyāmebhyaḥ
Ablative	यातयामात् yātáyāmāt	यातयामाभ्याम् yātáyāmābhyām	यातयामेभ्यः yātáyāmebhyaḥ
Genitive	यातयामस्य yātáyāmasya	यातयामयोः yātáyāmayoḥ	यातयामानाम् yātáyāmānām
Locative	यातयामे yātáyāme	यातयामयोः yātáyāmayoḥ	यातयामेषु yātáyāmeṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

Further reading

• Monier Williams (1899) “यातयाम”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 849, column 2.
• Hellwig, Oliver (2010-2024) “yātayāma”, in DCS - The Digital Corpus of Sanskrit, Berlin, Germany.
• Apte, Vaman Shivram (1890) “यात-याम”, in The practical Sanskrit-English dictionary, Poona: Prasad Prakashan
• Arthur Anthony Macdonell (1893) “यातयाम”, in A practical Sanskrit dictionary with transliteration, accentuation, and etymological analysis throughout, London: Oxford University Press