याम

See also: याम्

Pali

Alternative forms

Alternative scripts

• yāma (Latin script)
• 𑀬𑀸𑀫 (Brahmi script)
• যাম (Bengali script)
• යාම (Sinhalese script)
• ယာမ or ယႃမ (Burmese script)
• ยาม or ยามะ (Thai script)
• ᨿᩣᨾ (Tai Tham script)
• ຍາມ or ຍາມະ or ຢາມະ (Lao script)
• យាម (Khmer script)
• 𑄠𑄂𑄟 (Chakma script)

Verb

याम

1. Devanagari script form of yāma, which is first-person plural present/imperative active of याति (yāti, “to go”)

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

Alternative scripts

• যাম (Assamese script)
• ᬬᬵᬫ (Balinese script)
• যাম (Bengali script)
• 𑰧𑰯𑰦 (Bhaiksuki script)
• 𑀬𑀸𑀫 (Brahmi script)
• ယာမ (Burmese script)
• યામ (Gujarati script)
• ਯਾਮ (Gurmukhi script)
• 𑌯𑌾𑌮 (Grantha script)
• ꦪꦴꦩ (Javanese script)
• 𑂨𑂰𑂧 (Kaithi script)
• ಯಾಮ (Kannada script)
• យាម (Khmer script)
• ຍາມ (Lao script)
• യാമ (Malayalam script)
• ᠶᠠ᠎᠊ᠠᠮᠠ (Manchu script)
• 𑘧𑘰𑘦 (Modi script)
• ᠶ᠋ᠠᢗᠮᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
• 𑧇𑧑𑧆 (Nandinagari script)
• 𑐫𑐵𑐩 (Newa script)
• ଯାମ (Odia script)
• ꢫꢵꢪ (Saurashtra script)
• 𑆪𑆳𑆩 (Sharada script)
• 𑖧𑖯𑖦 (Siddham script)
• යාම (Sinhalese script)
• 𑩻𑩛𑩴 (Soyombo script)
• 𑚣𑚭𑚢 (Takri script)
• யாம (Tamil script)
• యామ (Telugu script)
• ยาม (Thai script)
• ཡཱ་མ (Tibetan script)
• 𑒨𑒰𑒧 (Tirhuta script)
• 𑨪𑨊𑨢 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology 1

From the root या (yā, “to go”)

Pronunciation

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /jɑ́ː.mɐ/
• (Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /jɑː.mɐ/

Noun

याम॑ • (yā́ma) stem, m

1. motion, course, going, progress
2. a road, way, path
3. a carriage, chariot

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of याम॑

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	यामः॑ (yā́maḥ)	यामौ॑ (yā́mau) यामा॑¹ (yā́mā¹)	यामाः॑ (yā́māḥ) यामा॑सः¹ (yā́māsaḥ¹)
accusative	याम॑म् (yā́mam)	यामौ॑ (yā́mau) यामा॑¹ (yā́mā¹)	यामा॑न् (yā́mān)
instrumental	यामे॑न (yā́mena)	यामा॑भ्याम् (yā́mābhyām)	यामैः॑ (yā́maiḥ) यामे॑भिः¹ (yā́mebhiḥ¹)
dative	यामा॑य (yā́māya)	यामा॑भ्याम् (yā́mābhyām)	यामे॑भ्यः (yā́mebhyaḥ)
ablative	यामा॑त् (yā́māt)	यामा॑भ्याम् (yā́mābhyām)	यामे॑भ्यः (yā́mebhyaḥ)
genitive	याम॑स्य (yā́masya)	याम॑योः (yā́mayoḥ)	यामा॑नाम् (yā́mānām)
locative	यामे॑ (yā́me)	याम॑योः (yā́mayoḥ)	यामे॑षु (yā́meṣu)
vocative	याम॑ (yā́ma)	यामौ॑ (yā́mau) यामा॑¹ (yā́mā¹)	यामाः॑ (yā́māḥ) यामा॑सः¹ (yā́māsaḥ¹)

• ¹Vedic

Etymology 2

From the root यम् (yam). Monier-Williams classifies the sense 'night-watch' under 'Etymology 1', but Turner disagrees.

Pronunciation

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /jɑ́ː.mɐ/
• (Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /jɑː.mɐ/

Noun

याम॑ • (yā́ma) stem, m

1. cessation, end
2. restraint, forbearance
3. night-watch, period or watch of 3 hours, the 8th part of a day

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of याम॑

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	यामः॑ (yā́maḥ)	यामौ॑ (yā́mau) यामा॑¹ (yā́mā¹)	यामाः॑ (yā́māḥ) यामा॑सः¹ (yā́māsaḥ¹)
accusative	याम॑म् (yā́mam)	यामौ॑ (yā́mau) यामा॑¹ (yā́mā¹)	यामा॑न् (yā́mān)
instrumental	यामे॑न (yā́mena)	यामा॑भ्याम् (yā́mābhyām)	यामैः॑ (yā́maiḥ) यामे॑भिः¹ (yā́mebhiḥ¹)
dative	यामा॑य (yā́māya)	यामा॑भ्याम् (yā́mābhyām)	यामे॑भ्यः (yā́mebhyaḥ)
ablative	यामा॑त् (yā́māt)	यामा॑भ्याम् (yā́mābhyām)	यामे॑भ्यः (yā́mebhyaḥ)
genitive	याम॑स्य (yā́masya)	याम॑योः (yā́mayoḥ)	यामा॑नाम् (yā́mānām)
locative	यामे॑ (yā́me)	याम॑योः (yā́mayoḥ)	यामे॑षु (yā́meṣu)
vocative	याम॑ (yā́ma)	यामौ॑ (yā́mau) यामा॑¹ (yā́mā¹)	यामाः॑ (yā́māḥ) यामा॑सः¹ (yā́māsaḥ¹)

• ¹Vedic

Derived terms

• यामक (yāmaka)

Descendants

• Pali: yāma
• Prakrit: 𑀚𑀸𑀫 (jāma)
  • Southern:
    • Helu Prakrit:
      • Dhivehi: ދަން (dan̊)
      • Sinhalese: යම (yama)
• → Malay: jam
  • > Baba Malay: jam (inherited)
  • > Indonesian: jam (inherited)
  • → Iban: jam
  • → Javanese: ꦗꦩ꧀ (jam)
  • → Pattani Malay: جٍي, แยฺ (jɛ)
  • → Tausug: jām
• → Tamil: யாமம் (yāmam)

Etymology 3

Vṛddhi derivative of यम (yamá).

Pronunciation

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /jɑː.mɐ́/
• (Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /jɑː.mɐ/

Adjective

या॒म • (yāmá) stem

1. relating to or derived from or destined for Yama

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of या॒म

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	या॒मः (yāmáḥ)	या॒मौ (yāmáu) या॒मा¹ (yāmā́¹)	या॒माः (yāmā́ḥ) या॒मासः॑¹ (yāmā́saḥ¹)
accusative	या॒मम् (yāmám)	या॒मौ (yāmáu) या॒मा¹ (yāmā́¹)	या॒मान् (yāmā́n)
instrumental	या॒मेन॑ (yāména)	या॒माभ्या॑म् (yāmā́bhyām)	या॒मैः (yāmáiḥ) या॒मेभिः॑¹ (yāmébhiḥ¹)
dative	या॒माय॑ (yāmā́ya)	या॒माभ्या॑म् (yāmā́bhyām)	या॒मेभ्यः॑ (yāmébhyaḥ)
ablative	या॒मात् (yāmā́t)	या॒माभ्या॑म् (yāmā́bhyām)	या॒मेभ्यः॑ (yāmébhyaḥ)
genitive	या॒मस्य॑ (yāmásya)	या॒मयोः॑ (yāmáyoḥ)	या॒माना॑म् (yāmā́nām)
locative	या॒मे (yāmé)	या॒मयोः॑ (yāmáyoḥ)	या॒मेषु॑ (yāméṣu)
vocative	याम॑ (yā́ma)	यामौ॑ (yā́mau) यामा॑¹ (yā́mā¹)	यामाः॑ (yā́māḥ) यामा॑सः¹ (yā́māsaḥ¹)

• ¹Vedic

Feminine ī-stem declension of या॒मी

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	या॒मी (yāmī́)	या॒म्यौ॑ (yāmyàu) या॒मी¹ (yāmī́¹)	या॒म्यः॑ (yāmyàḥ) या॒मीः¹ (yāmī́ḥ¹)
accusative	या॒मीम् (yāmī́m)	या॒म्यौ॑ (yāmyàu) या॒मी¹ (yāmī́¹)	या॒मीः (yāmī́ḥ)
instrumental	या॒म्या (yāmyā́)	या॒मीभ्या॑म् (yāmī́bhyām)	या॒मीभिः॑ (yāmī́bhiḥ)
dative	या॒म्यै (yāmyái)	या॒मीभ्या॑म् (yāmī́bhyām)	या॒मीभ्यः॑ (yāmī́bhyaḥ)
ablative	या॒म्याः (yāmyā́ḥ) या॒म्यै² (yāmyái²)	या॒मीभ्या॑म् (yāmī́bhyām)	या॒मीभ्यः॑ (yāmī́bhyaḥ)
genitive	या॒म्याः (yāmyā́ḥ) या॒म्यै² (yāmyái²)	या॒म्योः (yāmyóḥ)	या॒मीना॑म् (yāmī́nām)
locative	या॒म्याम् (yāmyā́m)	या॒म्योः (yāmyóḥ)	या॒मीषु॑ (yāmī́ṣu)
vocative	यामि॑ (yā́mi)	याम्यौ॑ (yā́myau) यामी॑¹ (yā́mī¹)	याम्यः॑ (yā́myaḥ) यामीः॑¹ (yā́mīḥ¹)

• ¹Vedic
• ²Brāhmaṇas

Neuter a-stem declension of या॒म

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	या॒मम् (yāmám)	या॒मे (yāmé)	या॒मानि॑ (yāmā́ni) या॒मा¹ (yāmā́¹)
accusative	या॒मम् (yāmám)	या॒मे (yāmé)	या॒मानि॑ (yāmā́ni) या॒मा¹ (yāmā́¹)
instrumental	या॒मेन॑ (yāména)	या॒माभ्या॑म् (yāmā́bhyām)	या॒मैः (yāmáiḥ) या॒मेभिः॑¹ (yāmébhiḥ¹)
dative	या॒माय॑ (yāmā́ya)	या॒माभ्या॑म् (yāmā́bhyām)	या॒मेभ्यः॑ (yāmébhyaḥ)
ablative	या॒मात् (yāmā́t)	या॒माभ्या॑म् (yāmā́bhyām)	या॒मेभ्यः॑ (yāmébhyaḥ)
genitive	या॒मस्य॑ (yāmásya)	या॒मयोः॑ (yāmáyoḥ)	या॒माना॑म् (yāmā́nām)
locative	या॒मे (yāmé)	या॒मयोः॑ (yāmáyoḥ)	या॒मेषु॑ (yāméṣu)
vocative	याम॑ (yā́ma)	यामे॑ (yā́me)	यामा॑नि (yā́māni) यामा॑¹ (yā́mā¹)

• ¹Vedic

References

• Monier Williams (1899), “याम”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, pages 850/1, 851/3.
• Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985), “yama”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 605