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या

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: यों, यूँ, यी, यो, य, and ये

Braj

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Pronoun

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या (yā)

  1. oblique of यह (yah)
    Synonym: इहिं (ihĩ)

See also

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Hindi

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Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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Borrowed from Classical Persian یا (yā).

Conjunction

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या • (yā) (Urdu spelling یا)

  1. or
    Synonyms: अथवा (athvā), वा (vā), कि (ki)
    क्या आपको चाय या कॉफ़ी चाहिए?
    kyā āpko cāy yā kŏfī cāhie?
    Would you like tea or coffee?
    कौन बड़ा है, सुमित या सुमन?
    kaun baṛā hai, sumit yā suman?
    Who's bigger, Sumit or Suman?

Etymology 2

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Borrowed from Arabic يا (yā).

Interjection

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या • (yā) (Urdu spelling یا)

  1. O (vocative particle)
    Synonyms: (more common) अरे (are), हे (he)
    या अल्लाह, क्या हो गया है!
    yā allāh, kyā ho gayā hai!
    O God, what has happened! (Islam)

Nepali

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Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): [jä]
  • Phonetic Devanagari: या

Conjunction

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या • (yā)

  1. or

Newar

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Pronunciation

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Postposition

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या • (yā) (Newa Spelling 𑐫𑐵)

  1. marks the genitive case: of, belonging to

Pali

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Alternative forms

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Alternative scripts

Pronoun

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या f

  1. Devanagari script form of yā (“who”)

Declension

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Declension table of "या" (feminine)
Case \ NumberSingularPlural
Nominative (first)या (yā)यायो (yāyo) or या (yā)
Accusative (second)यं (yaṃ)यायो (yāyo) or या (yā)
Instrumental (third)याय (yāya)याहि (yāhi) or याभि (yābhi)
Dative (fourth)याय (yāya) or यस्सा (yassā)यासं (yāsaṃ) or यासानं (yāsānaṃ)
Ablative (fifth)याय (yāya)याहि (yāhi) or याभि (yābhi)
Genitive (sixth)याय (yāya) or यस्सा (yassā)यासं (yāsaṃ) or यासानं (yāsānaṃ)
Locative (seventh)याय (yāya) or यायं (yāyaṃ) or यस्सं (yassaṃ)यासु (yāsu)

Sanskrit

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Alternative scripts

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Alternative scripts

Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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    Inherited from Proto-Indo-Iranian *yaH-, from Proto-Indo-European *yeh₂- (“to go”).[1]

    Root

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    या • (yā)

    1. to go, proceed, move, walk, set out, march, advance, travel, journey
    2. to go away, withdraw, retire
    3. to flee, escape
    4. to go towards or against, go or come to, enter, approach, arrive at, reach
    5. to go to a woman for sexual intercourse
    6. to go to for any purpose
    7. to extend to
    8. to last for
    9. to pass away, elapse (said of time)
    10. to vanish, disappear (as wealth)
    11. to come to pass, prosper, succeed
    12. to proceed, behave, act
    13. to find out, discover
    14. to receive or learn (a science) from
    15. to undertake, undergo
    Derived terms
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    Primary verbal forms
    Secondary forms
    Non-finite forms
    Derived nominal forms
    Prefixed root forms
    Sanskrit terms belonging to the root या (0 c, 10 e)
    Terms derived from the Sanskrit root या (19 c, 0 e)

    Noun

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    या • (yā) stem, f

    1. going
    2. a car
    3. restraining
    4. religious meditation
    5. attaining
    6. pudendum muliebre
    Declension
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    Feminine ā-stem declension of या
    singular dual plural
    nominative याः (yāḥ) यौ (yau)
    या¹ (yā¹)     		याः (yāḥ)
    accusative याम् (yām) यौ (yau)
    या¹ (yā¹)     		याः (yāḥ)
    यः² (yaḥ²)
    instrumental या (yā) याभ्याम् (yābhyām) याभिः (yābhiḥ)
    dative ये (ye) याभ्याम् (yābhyām) याभ्यः (yābhyaḥ)
    ablative यः (yaḥ) याभ्याम् (yābhyām) याभ्यः (yābhyaḥ)
    genitive यः (yaḥ) योः (yoḥ) यानाम् (yānām)
    याम्² (yām²)
    locative यि (yi) योः (yoḥ) यासु (yāsu)
    vocative याः (yāḥ) यौ (yau)
    या¹ (yā¹)     		याः (yāḥ)
    • ¹Vedic
    • ²Perhaps

    Etymology 2

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    From Proto-Indo-European *yeh₂- (“to beg, request”), which is often considered semantically related to the "go" sense of Etymology 1 (though Mayrhofer and Lubotsky separate the two). Cognate with Tocharian B yāsk- (“to beg”),[2][3] Ancient Greek ζῆλος (zêlos, “zeal, ardor”), Old Irish áilid (“wishes strongly, implores”). याच् (yāc, “to implore”) is likely an enlargement of the root.

    Root

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    या • (yā)

    1. to go to for any request, implore, solicit
    Derived terms
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    Etymology 3

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    See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

    Pronoun

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    या • (yā́)

    1. nominative singular feminine of यद् (yád)
    2. (Vedic) nominative/accusative dual masculine of यद् (yád)
      Synonym: यौ (yáu)
    3. (Vedic) nominative/accusative plural neuter of यद् (yád)
      Synonym: यानि (yā́ni)

    References

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    1. ^ Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996), “YĀ1”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎[1] (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 407
    2. ^ Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996), “YĀ2”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎[2] (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 408
    3. ^ Lubotsky, Alexander (2011), “yā [2]”, in The Indo-Aryan Inherited Lexicon (in progress) (Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Project), Leiden University, page 617

    Further reading

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    • Hellwig, Oliver (2010–2026), “yā”, in DCS - The Digital Corpus of Sanskrit, Berlin, Germany.
    • Cheung, Johnny (2007), “*i̯aH”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 210
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