विराम

Hindi

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit विराम (virāma).

Pronunciation

• (Standard Hindi) IPA^(key): /ʋɪ.ɾɑːm/, [ʋɪ.ɾä̃ːm]

Noun

विराम • (virām) m

1. stop, ending
2. pause; comma
3. virama (a diacritic used to remove an inherent vowel)

   Synonym: हलंत (halant)

Declension

Declension of विराम (masc cons-stem)

	singular	plural
direct	विराम virām	विराम virām
oblique	विराम virām	विरामों virāmõ
vocative	विराम virām	विरामो virāmo

Derived terms

• अविराम (avirām)

References

• Dāsa, Śyāmasundara (1965–1975), “विराम”, in Hindī Śabdasāgara [lit. “Sea of Hindi words”] (in Hindi), Kashi [Varanasi]: Nagari Pracarini Sabha, page 4522
• Caturvedi, Mahendra; Bhola Nath Tiwari (1970), “विराम”, in A practical Hindi-English dictionary, Delhi: National Publishing House, page 712
• McGregor, Ronald Stuart (1993), “विराम”, in The Oxford Hindi-English Dictionary, London: Oxford University Press, page 927
• Bahri, Hardev (1989), “विराम”, in Siksarthi Hindi-Angrejhi Sabdakosa [Learners' Hindi-English Dictionary], Delhi: Rajpal & Sons, page 594.

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

Alternative scripts

• ৱিৰাম (Assamese script)
• ᬯᬶᬭᬵᬫ (Balinese script)
• বিরাম (Bengali script)
• 𑰪𑰰𑰨𑰯𑰦 (Bhaiksuki script)
• 𑀯𑀺𑀭𑀸𑀫 (Brahmi script)
• ဝိရာမ (Burmese script)
• વિરામ (Gujarati script)
• ਵਿਰਾਮ (Gurmukhi script)
• 𑌵𑌿𑌰𑌾𑌮 (Grantha script)
• ꦮꦶꦫꦴꦩ (Javanese script)
• 𑂫𑂱𑂩𑂰𑂧 (Kaithi script)
• ವಿರಾಮ (Kannada script)
• វិរាម (Khmer script)
• ວິຣາມ (Lao script)
• വിരാമ (Malayalam script)
• ᠸᡳᡵᠠ᠎᠊ᠠᠮᠠ (Manchu script)
• 𑘪𑘱𑘨𑘰𑘦 (Modi script)
• ᠸᠢᠷᠠᢗᠮᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
• 𑧊𑧒𑧈𑧑𑧆 (Nandinagari script)
• 𑐰𑐶𑐬𑐵𑐩 (Newa script)
• ଵିରାମ (Odia script)
• ꢮꢶꢬꢵꢪ (Saurashtra script)
• 𑆮𑆴𑆫𑆳𑆩 (Sharada script)
• 𑖪𑖰𑖨𑖯𑖦 (Siddham script)
• විරාම (Sinhalese script)
• 𑩾𑩑𑩼𑩛𑩴 (Soyombo script)
• 𑚦𑚮𑚤𑚭𑚢 (Takri script)
• விராம (Tamil script)
• విరామ (Telugu script)
• วิราม (Thai script)
• ཝི་རཱ་མ (Tibetan script)
• 𑒫𑒱𑒩𑒰𑒧 (Tirhuta script)
• 𑨭𑨁𑨫𑨊𑨢 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /ʋi.ɾɑː.mɐ/
• (Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /ʋi.ɾɑː.mɐ/

Noun

विराम • (virāma) stem, m

1. termination, stop

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of विराम

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	विरामः (virāmaḥ)	विरामौ (virāmau) विरामा¹ (virāmā¹)	विरामाः (virāmāḥ) विरामासः¹ (virāmāsaḥ¹)
accusative	विरामम् (virāmam)	विरामौ (virāmau) विरामा¹ (virāmā¹)	विरामान् (virāmān)
instrumental	विरामेण (virāmeṇa)	विरामाभ्याम् (virāmābhyām)	विरामैः (virāmaiḥ) विरामेभिः¹ (virāmebhiḥ¹)
dative	विरामाय (virāmāya)	विरामाभ्याम् (virāmābhyām)	विरामेभ्यः (virāmebhyaḥ)
ablative	विरामात् (virāmāt)	विरामाभ्याम् (virāmābhyām)	विरामेभ्यः (virāmebhyaḥ)
genitive	विरामस्य (virāmasya)	विरामयोः (virāmayoḥ)	विरामाणाम् (virāmāṇām)
locative	विरामे (virāme)	विरामयोः (virāmayoḥ)	विरामेषु (virāmeṣu)
vocative	विराम (virāma)	विरामौ (virāmau) विरामा¹ (virāmā¹)	विरामाः (virāmāḥ) विरामासः¹ (virāmāsaḥ¹)

• ¹Vedic

Descendants

• Hindi: विराम (virām)
• → Arabic: وِرَامْ (wirām)
• → Burmese: ဝိရာမ (wi.rama.)
• → English: virama
• → Khmer: វិរាម (vi’riem)
• → Russian: вирама (virama)
• → Telugu: విరామ (virāma)

See also

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