शक्ति

See also: शुक्ति and शुक्ता

Hindi

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit शक्ति (śákti, śaktí).

Pronunciation

• (Delhi Hindi) IPA^(key): /ʃək.t̪iː/
• Rhymes: -əkti

Noun

शक्ति • (śakti) f (Urdu spelling شکتی‎)

1. power, energy, potency

   दो सौ घोड़ों की शक्ति इस कल में है।

   do sau ghoṛõ kī śakti is kal mẽ hai.

   This machine has the power of two hundred horses.

   Synonyms: ताक़त (tāqat), ज़ोर (zor), सकत (sakat), ऊर्जा (ūrjā)

2. strength

   अगर हम अपनी सेनाएँ मिलाए हमारी शक्ति बढ़ जाएगी।

   agar ham apnī senāẽ milāe hamārī śakti baṛh jāegī.

   If we combine our armies our strength will increase.

   Synonym: ताक़त (tāqat)

3. force

   हमें विध्वंसक शक्ति का प्रयोग करना पड़ा।

   hamẽ vidhvansak śakti kā prayog karnā paṛā.

   We had to use destructive force.

   Synonym: बल (bal)

4. ability; reach

   शक्ति के बाहर ― śakti ke bāhar ― beyond one's ability

   Synonym: बस (bas)

Declension

Declension of शक्ति (fem i-stem)

	singular	plural
direct	शक्ति śakti	शक्तियाँ śaktiyā̃
oblique	शक्ति śakti	शक्तियों śaktiyõ
vocative	शक्ति śakti	शक्तियो śaktiyo

Derived terms

• शक्तिपीठ (śaktipīṭh)
• शक्तिमान (śaktimān)
• शक्तिशाली (śaktiśālī)
• शक्तिहीन (śaktihīn)

 

References

• Bahri, Hardev (1989), “शक्ति”, in Siksarthi Hindi-Angrejhi Sabdakosa [Learners' Hindi-English Dictionary], Delhi: Rajpal & Sons.
• Caturvedi, Mahendra; Bhola Nath Tiwari (1970), “शक्ति”, in A practical Hindi-English dictionary, Delhi: National Publishing House

Sanskrit

Alternative forms

Alternative scripts

• ᬰᬓ᭄ᬢᬶ (Balinese script)
• শক্তি (Assamese script)
• শক্তি (Bengali script)
• 𑰫𑰎𑰿𑰝𑰰 (Bhaiksuki script)
• 𑀰𑀓𑁆𑀢𑀺 (Brahmi script)
• 𑌶𑌕𑍍𑌤𑌿 (Grantha script)
• શક્તિ (Gujarati script)
• ਸ਼ਕੑਤਿ (Gurmukhi script)
• ꦯꦏ꧀ꦠꦶ (Javanese script)
• ឝក្តិ (Khmer script)
• ಶಕ್ತಿ (Kannada script)
• ຨກ຺ຕິ (Lao script)
• ശക്തി (Malayalam script)
• 𑘫𑘎𑘿𑘝𑘱 (Modi script)
• ᠱᠠᢉᢐᢈ (Mongolian script)
• ᡧᠠᡬᢠᡳ (Manchu script)
• ၐက္တိ (Burmese script)
• 𑧋𑦮𑧠𑦽𑧒 (Nandinagari script)
• 𑐱𑐎𑑂𑐟𑐶 (Newa script)
• ଶକ୍ତି (Oriya script)
• ꢯꢒ꣄ꢡꢶ (Saurashtra script)
• 𑆯𑆑𑇀𑆠𑆴 (Sharada script)
• 𑖫𑖎𑖿𑖝𑖰 (Siddham script)
• ශක්ති (Sinhalese script)
• శక్తి (Telugu script)
• ศกฺติ (Thai script)
• ཤ་ཀྟི (Tibetan script)
• 𑒬𑒏𑓂𑒞𑒱 (Tirhuta script)

Etymology

From the root शक् (śak, “to be able to”) +‎ -ति (-ti). The root is from Proto-Indo-European *ḱak- (“to be able”).

Pronunciation

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /ɕɐ́k.ti/, [ɕɐ́k̚.ti]
• (Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈɕɐk.t̪i/, [ˈɕɐk̚.t̪i]

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /ɕɐk.tí/, [ɕɐk̚.tí]
• (Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈɕɐk.t̪i/, [ˈɕɐk̚.t̪i]

Noun

शक्ति • (śákti, śaktí) f

1. strength, power, might
2. ability

Declension

Masculine i-stem declension of शक्ति (śákti)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	शक्तिः śáktiḥ	शक्ती śáktī	शक्तयः śáktayaḥ
Vocative	शक्ते śákte	शक्ती śáktī	शक्तयः śáktayaḥ
Accusative	शक्तिम् śáktim	शक्ती śáktī	शक्तीन् śáktīn
Instrumental	शक्तिना / शक्त्या¹ śáktinā / śáktyā¹	शक्तिभ्याम् śáktibhyām	शक्तिभिः śáktibhiḥ
Dative	शक्तये / शक्त्ये² śáktaye / śáktye²	शक्तिभ्याम् śáktibhyām	शक्तिभ्यः śáktibhyaḥ
Ablative	शक्तेः / शक्त्यः² śákteḥ / śáktyaḥ²	शक्तिभ्याम् śáktibhyām	शक्तिभ्यः śáktibhyaḥ
Genitive	शक्तेः / शक्त्यः² śákteḥ / śáktyaḥ²	शक्त्योः śáktyoḥ	शक्तीनाम् śáktīnām
Locative	शक्तौ śáktau	शक्त्योः śáktyoḥ	शक्तिषु śáktiṣu
Notes	¹Vedic ²Less common

Masculine i-stem declension of शक्ति (śaktí)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	शक्तिः śaktíḥ	शक्ती śaktī́	शक्तयः śaktáyaḥ
Vocative	शक्ते śákte	शक्ती śáktī	शक्तयः śáktayaḥ
Accusative	शक्तिम् śaktím	शक्ती śaktī́	शक्तीन् śaktī́n
Instrumental	शक्तिना / शक्त्या¹ śaktínā / śaktyā̀¹	शक्तिभ्याम् śaktíbhyām	शक्तिभिः śaktíbhiḥ
Dative	शक्तये / शक्त्ये² śaktáye / śaktyè²	शक्तिभ्याम् śaktíbhyām	शक्तिभ्यः śaktíbhyaḥ
Ablative	शक्तेः / शक्त्यः² śaktéḥ / śaktyàḥ²	शक्तिभ्याम् śaktíbhyām	शक्तिभ्यः śaktíbhyaḥ
Genitive	शक्तेः / शक्त्यः² śaktéḥ / śaktyàḥ²	शक्त्योः śaktyóḥ	शक्तीनाम् śaktīnā́m
Locative	शक्तौ śaktaú	शक्त्योः śaktyóḥ	शक्तिषु śaktíṣu
Notes	¹Vedic ²Less common

Descendants

• Paisaci Prakrit:
  • Punjabi: ਸਗਤ (sagat)
• Pali: satti
• → Hindi: शक्ति (śakti)
• → Bengali: শক্তি (śokti)
• → Khmer: សក្តិ (sak)
• → Malayalam: ശക്തി (śakti)
• → Malay: sakti
  • Indonesian: sakti
• → Old Javanese: śakti
  • Javanese: ꦱꦏ꧀ꦠꦶ (sakti) → ꦱꦼꦏ꧀ꦠꦶ (sekti)
  • → Balinese: ᬰᬓ᭄ᬢᬶ (sakti)
• → Tamil: சக்தி (cakti), சத்தி (catti), ஷக்தி (ṣakti)
• → Telugu: శక్తి (śakti)
• Thai: ศักดิ์ (sàk), ศักดิ (sàk-dì-), ศักติ

Further reading

• Hellwig, Oliver (2010-2023), “śakti”, in DCS - The Digital Corpus of Sanskrit, Berlin, Germany.