शक्ति

See also: शुक्ति and शुक्ता

Hindi

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit शक्ति (śakti).

Pronunciation

• (Standard Hindi) IPA^(key): /ʃək.t̪iː/, [ʃɐk.t̪iː]
• Rhymes: -əkti

Noun

शक्ति • (śakti) f (Urdu spelling شکتی)

1. power, energy, potency

   Synonyms: ताक़त (tāqat), ज़ोर (zor), सकत (sakat), ऊर्जा (ūrjā)

   दो सौ घोड़ों की शक्ति इस कल में है।

   do sau ghoṛõ kī śakti is kal mẽ hai.

   This machine has the power of two hundred horses.

2. strength

   Synonym: ताक़त (tāqat)

   अगर हम अपनी सेनाएँ मिलाए हमारी शक्ति बढ़ जाएगी।

   agar ham apnī senāẽ milāe hamārī śakti baṛh jāegī.

   If we combine our armies our strength will increase.

3. force

   Synonym: बल (bal)

   हमें विध्वंसक शक्ति का प्रयोग करना पड़ा।

   hamẽ vidhvansak śakti kā prayog karnā paṛā.

   We had to use destructive force.

4. ability; reach

   Synonym: बस (bas)

   शक्ति के बाहर ― śakti ke bāhar ― beyond one's ability

Declension

Declension of शक्ति (fem i-stem)

	singular	plural
direct	शक्ति śakti	शक्तियाँ śaktiyā̃
oblique	शक्ति śakti	शक्तियों śaktiyõ
vocative	शक्ति śakti	शक्तियो śaktiyo

Derived terms

• शक्तिपीठ (śaktipīṭh)
• शक्तिमान (śaktimān)
• शक्तिशाली (śaktiśālī)
• शक्तिहीन (śaktihīn)

References

• Dāsa, Śyāmasundara (1965–1975), “शक्ति”, in Hindī Śabdasāgara [lit. “Sea of Hindi words”] (in Hindi), Kashi [Varanasi]: Nagari Pracarini Sabha, page 4676
• Caturvedi, Mahendra; Bhola Nath Tiwari (1970), “शक्ति”, in A practical Hindi-English dictionary, Delhi: National Publishing House, page 732
• McGregor, Ronald Stuart (1993), “शक्ति”, in The Oxford Hindi-English Dictionary, London: Oxford University Press, page 942
• Bahri, Hardev (1989), “शक्ति”, in Siksarthi Hindi-Angrejhi Sabdakosa [Learners' Hindi-English Dictionary], Delhi: Rajpal & Sons, page 607.

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

Alternative scripts

• শক্তি (Assamese script)
• ᬰᬓ᭄ᬢᬶ (Balinese script)
• শক্তি (Bengali script)
• 𑰫𑰎𑰿𑰝𑰰 (Bhaiksuki script)
• 𑀰𑀓𑁆𑀢𑀺 (Brahmi script)
• ၐက္တိ (Burmese script)
• શક્તિ (Gujarati script)
• ਸ਼ਕ੍ਤਿ (Gurmukhi script)
• 𑌶𑌕𑍍𑌤𑌿 (Grantha script)
• ꦯꦏ꧀ꦠꦶ (Javanese script)
• 𑂬𑂍𑂹𑂞𑂱 (Kaithi script)
• ಶಕ್ತಿ (Kannada script)
• ឝក្តិ (Khmer script)
• ຨກ຺ຕິ (Lao script)
• ശക്തി (Malayalam script)
• ᡧᠠᡬᢠᡳ (Manchu script)
• 𑘫𑘎𑘿𑘝𑘱 (Modi script)
• ᠱᠠᢉᢐᠢ (Mongolian script)
• 𑧋𑦮𑧠𑦽𑧒 (Nandinagari script)
• 𑐱𑐎𑑂𑐟𑐶 (Newa script)
• ଶକ୍ତି (Odia script)
• ꢯꢒ꣄ꢡꢶ (Saurashtra script)
• 𑆯𑆑𑇀𑆠𑆴 (Sharada script)
• 𑖫𑖎𑖿𑖝𑖰 (Siddham script)
• ශක‍්ති (Sinhalese script)
• 𑩿𑩜 𑪙𑩫𑩑 (Soyombo script)
• 𑚧𑚊𑚶𑚙𑚮 (Takri script)
• ஶக்தி (Tamil script)
• శక్తి (Telugu script)
• ศกฺติ (Thai script)
• ཤ་ཀྟི (Tibetan script)
• 𑒬𑒏𑓂𑒞𑒱 (Tirhuta script)
• 𑨮𑨋𑩇𑨙𑨁 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *ḱek-

Sanskrit शक् (śak)

Proto-Indo-European *-tis

Sanskrit -ति (-ti)

Sanskrit शक्ति

From the root शक् (śak, “to be able to”) +‎ -ति (-ti).

Pronunciation

• (Early Rigvedic) IPA^(key): /ɕɐk.tí/, [ɕɐk̚.tí]
• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /ɕɐ́k.ti/, [ɕɐ́k̚.ti]
• (Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /ɕɐk.t̪i/, [ɕɐk̚.t̪i]

Noun

शक्ति॑, श॒क्ति • (śákti, śaktí) stem, f

1. strength, power, might
2. ability

Declension

Feminine i-stem declension of शक्ति॑

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	शक्तिः॑ (śáktiḥ)	शक्ती॑ (śáktī)	शक्त॑यः (śáktayaḥ)
accusative	शक्ति॑म् (śáktim)	शक्ती॑ (śáktī)	शक्तीः॑ (śáktīḥ)
instrumental	शक्त्या॑ (śáktyā) शक्ती॑¹ (śáktī¹)	शक्ति॑भ्याम् (śáktibhyām)	शक्ति॑भिः (śáktibhiḥ)
dative	शक्त॑ये (śáktaye) शक्त्यै॑ (śáktyai)	शक्ति॑भ्याम् (śáktibhyām)	शक्ति॑भ्यः (śáktibhyaḥ)
ablative	शक्तेः॑ (śákteḥ) शक्त्याः॑ (śáktyāḥ) शक्त्यै॑² (śáktyai²)	शक्ति॑भ्याम् (śáktibhyām)	शक्ति॑भ्यः (śáktibhyaḥ)
genitive	शक्तेः॑ (śákteḥ) शक्त्याः॑ (śáktyāḥ) शक्त्यै॑² (śáktyai²)	शक्त्योः॑ (śáktyoḥ)	शक्ती॑नाम् (śáktīnām)
locative	शक्तौ॑ (śáktau) शक्त्या॑म् (śáktyām) शक्ता॑¹ (śáktā¹)	शक्त्योः॑ (śáktyoḥ)	शक्ति॑षु (śáktiṣu)
vocative	शक्ते॑ (śákte)	शक्ती॑ (śáktī)	शक्त॑यः (śáktayaḥ)

• ¹Vedic
• ²Brāhmaṇas

Descendants

• Paisaci Prakrit:
• Gujarati: શક્તિ (śakti)
• Punjabi: ਸਗਤ (sagat)
• Pali: satti
  • → Burmese: သတ္တိ (satti.)
  • → Mon: သတ္တိ
• → Hindi: शक्ति (śakti)
• → Bengali: শক্তি (śokti)
• → Khmer: សក្តិ (sak)
• → Malayalam: ശക്തി (śakti)
• → Malay: sakti
  • Indonesian: sakti
• → Old Javanese: śakti
  • Javanese: ꦱꦏ꧀ꦠꦶ (sakti) → ꦱꦼꦏ꧀ꦠꦶ (sekti)
  • → Balinese: ᬰᬓ᭄ᬢᬶ (sakti)
• → Tamil: சக்தி (cakti), சத்தி (catti), ஷக்தி (ṣakti)
• → Telugu: శక్తి (śakti)
• → Thai: ศักดิ์ (sàk), ศักดิ (sàk-dì-), ศักติ

Further reading

• Monier Williams (1899), “शक्ति”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 1044, column 2.
• Hellwig, Oliver (2010–2026), “śakti”, in DCS - The Digital Corpus of Sanskrit, Berlin, Germany.