शिरस्

Sanskrit

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *śŕ̥Has, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ćŕ̥Has, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱŕ̥h₂-os, from *ḱerh₂- (“head”); see there for more. Related to Vedic Sanskrit शीर्षन् (śīrṣán). Cognate with Avestan 𐬯𐬁𐬭𐬀 (sāra).

Pronunciation

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /ɕí.ɾɐs/
• (Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /ˈɕi.ɾɐs̪/

Noun

शिरस् • (śíras) n

1. head, skull
2. the upper end or highest part of anything, top, peak, summit, pinnacle, acme
3. the forepart or van (of an army)
4. the beginning (of a verse)
5. the head, leader, chief, foremost, first (of a class)

Declension

Neuter as-stem declension of शिरस् (śíras)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	शिरः śíraḥ	शिरसी śírasī	शिरांसि śírāṃsi
Vocative	शिरः śíraḥ	शिरसी śírasī	शिरांसि śírāṃsi
Accusative	शिरः śíraḥ	शिरसी śírasī	शिरांसि śírāṃsi
Instrumental	शिरसा śírasā	शिरोभ्याम् śírobhyām	शिरोभिः śírobhiḥ
Dative	शिरसे śírase	शिरोभ्याम् śírobhyām	शिरोभ्यः śírobhyaḥ
Ablative	शिरसः śírasaḥ	शिरोभ्याम् śírobhyām	शिरोभ्यः śírobhyaḥ
Genitive	शिरसः śírasaḥ	शिरसोः śírasoḥ	शिरसाम् śírasām
Locative	शिरसि śírasi	शिरसोः śírasoḥ	शिरःसु śíraḥsu

Borrowed terms

• → Telugu: శిరస్సు (śirassu)

Descendants

• • Awadhi: सिर (sir)
• • Kashmiri: [script needed] (hīrü)
  • Northwest Pashayi: [script needed] (šīr)
• • Sinhalese: සිර (sira)
• • Assamese: সিৰ (xir)
  • Bengali: সির (śir)
  • Maithili: सिर (sir)
  • Odia: ସିର (sira)
• Pali: siras
• • Garhwali: सिर (sir)
  • Gujarati: સિર (sir)
  • Hindustani:

    Hindi: सिर (sir)

    Urdu: سر‎ (sir)

  • Kumaoni: सिर (sir)
  • Nepali: सिर (sira)
  • Punjabi: ਸਿਰ (sir)
  • Romani: šero

References

• Monier Williams (1899) “शिरस्”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 1072.
• Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “śíras”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press