सावधान

See also: संविधान

Hindi

Etymology

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit सावधान (sāvadhāna). Cognate with Bengali সাবধান (śabdhan), Assamese সাৱধান (xawodhan), Gujarati સાવધાન (sāvdhān), Marathi सावध (sāvadh)

Pronunciation

• (Standard Hindi) IPA^(key): /sɑːʋ.d̪ʱɑːn/, [säːʋ.d̪ʱä̃ːn]

Adjective

सावधान • (sāvdhān) (indeclinable, Urdu spelling ساودھان)

1. careful
2. wary
3. alert, cautious
4. aware, mindful, attentive
5. safe, prudent, circumspect

Interjection

सावधान • (sāvdhān) (Urdu spelling ساودھان)

1. caution!

   Synonyms: सतर्क (satark), चौकस (caukas), ख़बरदार (xabardār)

2. take care!

See also

• सावधान रहना (sāvdhān rahnā)

References

• McGregor, Ronald Stuart (1993), “सावधान”, in The Oxford Hindi-English Dictionary, London: Oxford University Press

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

Alternative scripts

• সাৱধান (Assamese script)
• ᬲᬵᬯᬥᬵᬦ (Balinese script)
• সাবধান (Bengali script)
• 𑰭𑰯𑰪𑰠𑰯𑰡 (Bhaiksuki script)
• 𑀲𑀸𑀯𑀥𑀸𑀦 (Brahmi script)
• သာဝဓာန (Burmese script)
• સાવધાન (Gujarati script)
• ਸਾਵਧਾਨ (Gurmukhi script)
• 𑌸𑌾𑌵𑌧𑌾𑌨 (Grantha script)
• ꦱꦴꦮꦣꦴꦤ (Javanese script)
• 𑂮𑂰𑂫𑂡𑂰𑂢 (Kaithi script)
• ಸಾವಧಾನ (Kannada script)
• សាវធាន (Khmer script)
• ສາວຘານ (Lao script)
• സാവധാന (Malayalam script)
• ᠰᠠ᠎᠊ᠠᠸᠠᢡᠠ᠎᠊ᠠᠨᠠ (Manchu script)
• 𑘭𑘰𑘪𑘠𑘰𑘡 (Modi script)
• ᠰᠠᢗᠸᠠᢑᠾᠠᢗᠨᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
• 𑧍𑧑𑧊𑧀𑧑𑧁 (Nandinagari script)
• 𑐳𑐵𑐰𑐢𑐵𑐣 (Newa script)
• ସାଵଧାନ (Odia script)
• ꢱꢵꢮꢤꢵꢥ (Saurashtra script)
• 𑆱𑆳𑆮𑆣𑆳𑆤 (Sharada script)
• 𑖭𑖯𑖪𑖠𑖯𑖡 (Siddham script)
• සාවධාන (Sinhalese script)
• 𑪁𑩛𑩾𑩮𑩛𑩯 (Soyombo script)
• 𑚨𑚭𑚦𑚜𑚭𑚝 (Takri script)
• ஸாவத⁴ாந (Tamil script)
• సావధాన (Telugu script)
• สาวธาน (Thai script)
• སཱ་ཝ་དྷཱ་ན (Tibetan script)
• 𑒮𑒰𑒫𑒡𑒰𑒢 (Tirhuta script)
• 𑨰𑨊𑨭𑨜𑨊𑨝 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

From स- (sa-, “with”) +‎ अवधान (avadhāna, “attention”). The latter word itself faced semantic expansion, originally meaning "placing down or away", and is composed of अव- (ava-, “away, down”) +‎ धा (dhā, “to put, place”, root) +‎ -अन (-ana).

Pronunciation

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /sɑː.ʋɐ.dʱɑː.nɐ/
• (Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /s̪ɑː.ʋɐ.d̪ʱɑː.n̪ɐ/

Adjective

सावधान • (sāvadhāna) stem

1. careful
2. cautious
3. attentive
4. heedful, mindful
5. with an attentive mind
6. intent upon doing anything

Descendants

• Bengali: সাবধান (śabodhan)
• Gujarati: સાવધાન (sāvdhān)
• Hindustani:

  Hindi: सावधान (sāvdhān)

  Urdu: ساودھان (sāvdhān)

• Marathi: सावध (sāvadh)
• Odia: ସାବଧାନ (sābadhāna)
• Punjabi:

  Gurmukhi script: ਸਾਵਧਾਨ (sāvdhān)

  Shahmukhi script: ساودھان (sāvdhān)

References

• Monier Williams (1899), “सावधान”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 1211/1.
• Apte, Vaman Shivram (1890), “सावधान”, in The practical Sanskrit-English dictionary, Poona: Prasad Prakashan