सुरा

Pali

Alternative forms

Alternative scripts

surā (Latin script)
𑀲𑀼𑀭𑀸 (Brahmi script)
সুরা (Bengali script)
සුරා (Sinhalese script)
သုရာ or သုရႃ (Burmese script)
สุรา (Thai script)
ᩈᩩᩁᩣ (Tai Tham script)
ສຸຣາ (Lao script)
សុរា (Khmer script)
𑄥𑄪𑄢𑄂 (Chakma script)

Noun

सुरा f

Devanagari script form of surā (“a class of liquor”)

Declension

Declension table of "सुरा" (feminine)

Case \ Number	Singular	Plural
Nominative (first)	सुरा (surā)	सुरायो (surāyo) or सुरा (surā)
Accusative (second)	सुरं (suraṃ)	सुरायो (surāyo) or सुरा (surā)
Instrumental (third)	सुराय (surāya)	सुराहि (surāhi) or सुराभि (surābhi)
Dative (fourth)	सुराय (surāya)	सुरानं (surānaṃ)
Ablative (fifth)	सुराय (surāya)	सुराहि (surāhi) or सुराभि (surābhi)
Genitive (sixth)	सुराय (surāya)	सुरानं (surānaṃ)
Locative (seventh)	सुराय (surāya) or सुरायं (surāyaṃ)	सुरासु (surāsu)
Vocative (calling)	सुरे (sure)	सुरायो (surāyo) or सुरा (surā)

Prakrit

Noun

सुरा (surā)

Devanagari script form of 𑀲𑀼𑀭𑀸 (“wine, liquor”)

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

সুৰা (Assamese script)
ᬲᬸᬭᬵ (Balinese script)
সুরা (Bengali script)
𑰭𑰲𑰨𑰯 (Bhaiksuki script)
𑀲𑀼𑀭𑀸 (Brahmi script)
သုရာ (Burmese script)
સુરા (Gujarati script)
ਸੁਰਾ (Gurmukhi script)
𑌸𑍁𑌰𑌾 (Grantha script)
ꦱꦸꦫꦴ (Javanese script)
𑂮𑂳𑂩𑂰 (Kaithi script)
ಸುರಾ (Kannada script)
សុរា (Khmer script)
ສຸຣາ (Lao script)
സുരാ (Malayalam script)
ᠰᡠᡵᠠᢇ (Manchu script)
𑘭𑘳𑘨𑘰 (Modi script)
ᠰᠤᠷᠠ᠋᠎ᠠ (Mongolian script)
𑧍𑧔𑧈𑧑 (Nandinagari script)
𑐳𑐸𑐬𑐵 (Newa script)
ସୁରା (Odia script)
ꢱꢸꢬꢵ (Saurashtra script)
𑆱𑆶𑆫𑆳 (Sharada script)
𑖭𑖲𑖨𑖯 (Siddham script)
සුරා (Sinhalese script)
𑪁𑩒𑩼𑩛 (Soyombo script)
𑚨𑚰𑚤𑚭 (Takri script)
ஸுரா (Tamil script)
సురా (Telugu script)
สุรา (Thai script)
སུ་རཱ (Tibetan script)
𑒮𑒳𑒩𑒰 (Tirhuta script)
𑨰𑨃𑨫𑨊 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *súraH (“liquor”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬵𐬎𐬭𐬁 (hurā), Middle Persian [script needed] (hwl /⁠hur⁠/).

Pronunciation

(Vedic) IPA^(key): /sú.ɾɑː/
(Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /s̪u.ɾɑː/

Noun

सुरा॑ • (súrā) stem, f

wine, spirituous liquor
Synonyms: मदिरा (madirā), हाला (hālā)
- c. 1500 BCE – 1000 BCE, Ṛgveda 10.107.9:
  भो॒जा जि॑ग्युः सुर॒भिं योनि॒म् अग्रे॑ भो॒जा जि॑ग्युर् व॒ध्वं१॒॑ या सु॒वासाः॑ ।
  भो॒जा जि॑ग्युर् अन्तः॒पेयं॒ सुरा॑या भो॒जा जि॑ग्यु॒र् ये अहू॑ताः प्र॒यन्ति॑ ॥
  bhojā́ jigyuḥ surabhíṃ yónim ágre bhojā́ jigyur vadhvàṃ yā́ suvā́sāḥ.
  bhojā́ jigyur antaḥpéyaṃ súrāyā bhojā́ jigyur yé áhūtāḥ prayánti.
  First have the liberal gained a fragrant dwelling, and got themselves a bride in fair apparel.
  The liberal have obtained their draught of liquor, and conquered those who, unprovoked, assailed them.
- c. 400 BCE, Mahābhārata 1.71:
  ततस् तृतीयं हत्वा तं दग्ध्वा कृत्वा च चूर्णशः ।
  प्रायच्छन् ब्राह्मणायैव सुरायाम् असुरास् तथा ॥
  tatas tṛtīyaṃ hatvā taṃ dagdhvā kṛtvā ca cūrṇaśaḥ.
  prāyacchan brāhmaṇāyaiva surāyām asurās tathā.
  The Asuras killed [Kaca] for the third time and burnt him and reduced him to ashes
  they then gave those ashes to the preceptor himself, mixing it into his wine.

Declension

Feminine ā-stem declension of सुरा॑
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	सुरा॑ (súrā)	सुरे॑ (súre)	सुराः॑ (súrāḥ)
accusative	सुरा॑म् (súrām)	सुरे॑ (súre)	सुराः॑ (súrāḥ)
instrumental	सुर॑या (súrayā) सुरा॑¹ (súrā¹)	सुरा॑भ्याम् (súrābhyām)	सुरा॑भिः (súrābhiḥ)
dative	सुरा॑यै (súrāyai)	सुरा॑भ्याम् (súrābhyām)	सुरा॑भ्यः (súrābhyaḥ)
ablative	सुरा॑याः (súrāyāḥ) सुरा॑यै² (súrāyai²)	सुरा॑भ्याम् (súrābhyām)	सुरा॑भ्यः (súrābhyaḥ)
genitive	सुरा॑याः (súrāyāḥ) सुरा॑यै² (súrāyai²)	सुर॑योः (súrayoḥ)	सुरा॑णाम् (súrāṇām)
locative	सुरा॑याम् (súrāyām)	सुर॑योः (súrayoḥ)	सुरा॑सु (súrāsu)
vocative	सुरे॑ (súre)	सुरे॑ (súre)	सुराः॑ (súrāḥ)

¹Vedic
²Brāhmaṇas

Descendants

→ Persian: سرا (sorâ)
Prakrit: 𑀲𑀼𑀭𑀸 (surā)
- Bengali: সুরা (śura)
- Konkani: सोरो (soro)
Pali: surā
→ Hindi: सुरा (surā)
→ Khmer: សុរា (soraa)
→ Old Javanese: surā
- > Javanese: ꦱꦸꦫ (sura) (inherited)
- → Balinese: sura
→ Thai: สุรา (sù-raa)