हठ

Braj

Etymology

Etymology tree

Sanskrit हृ (hṛ)?

Sanskrit -थ (-tha)?

Sanskrit हठ (haṭha)bor.

Braj हठ

Borrowed from Sanskrit हठ (haṭha, “violence”), possibly from हृ (hṛ) + -थ (-tha).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ɦəʈʰ/

Noun

हठ (haṭh) m

violence, force, oppression

Noun

हठ (haṭh) f

obstinacy, insistence, stubbornness

Hindi

Etymology

Etymology tree

Sanskrit हृ (hṛ)?

Sanskrit -थ (-tha)?

Sanskrit हठ (haṭha)bor.

Hindi हठ

Borrowed from Sanskrit हठ (haṭha, “violence”), possibly from हृ (hṛ) + -थ (-tha).

Pronunciation

(Standard Hindi) IPA^(key): /ɦəʈʰ/, [ɦɐʈʰ]

Noun

हठ • (haṭh) m

stubbornness, obstinacy
Synonym: ज़िद (zid)

Declension

Declension of हठ (masc cons-stem)
	singular	plural
direct	हठ haṭh	हठ haṭh
oblique	हठ haṭh	हठों haṭhõ
vocative	हठ haṭh	हठो haṭho

References

Bahri, Hardev (1989), “हठ”, in Siksarthi Hindi-Angrejhi Sabdakosa [Learners' Hindi-English Dictionary], Delhi: Rajpal & Sons.
Dāsa, Śyāmasundara (1965–1975), “हठ”, in Hindī Śabdasāgara [lit. “Sea of Hindi words”] (in Hindi), Kashi [Varanasi]: Nagari Pracarini Sabha
Platts, John T. (1884), “हठ”, in A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English, London: W. H. Allen & Co.
McGregor, Ronald Stuart (1993), “हठ”, in The Oxford Hindi-English Dictionary, London: Oxford University Press

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

হঠ (Assamese script)
ᬳᬞ (Balinese script)
হঠ (Bengali script)
𑰮𑰙 (Bhaiksuki script)
𑀳𑀞 (Brahmi script)
ဟဌ (Burmese script)
હઠ (Gujarati script)
ਹਠ (Gurmukhi script)
𑌹𑌠 (Grantha script)
ꦲꦜ (Javanese script)
𑂯𑂘 (Kaithi script)
ಹಠ (Kannada script)
ហឋ (Khmer script)
ຫຐ (Lao script)
ഹഠ (Malayalam script)
ᡥᠠᡱᠠ (Manchu script)
𑘮𑘙 (Modi script)
ᠾᠠᢍᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
𑧎𑦹 (Nandinagari script)
𑐴𑐛 (Newa script)
ହଠ (Odia script)
ꢲꢝ (Saurashtra script)
𑆲𑆜 (Sharada script)
𑖮𑖙 (Siddham script)
හඨ (Sinhalese script)
𑪂𑩧 (Soyombo script)
𑚩𑚕 (Takri script)
ஹட² (Tamil script)
హఠ (Telugu script)
หฐ (Thai script)
ཧ་ཋ (Tibetan script)
𑒯𑒚 (Tirhuta script)
𑨱𑨕 (Zanabazar Square script)

Pronunciation

(Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /ɦɐ.ʈʰɐ/

Etymology 1

Unknown.^[1] Perhaps:

From हृ (hṛ, “to take”, root) +‎ -थ (-tha), undergoing Middle Indo-Aryan sound changes.
Somehow related to Prakrit *𑀳𑀝𑀇 (*haṭaï), *𑀳𑀝𑁆𑀝𑀇 (*haṭṭaï, “to move”), whence e.g. Hindi हटना (haṭnā).^[2]

The root हठ् (haṭh, “to move violently”) (and the verb हठति (haṭhati)) is a later invention from this term.

Noun

हठ • (haṭha) stem, m (root हठ्)^[3]

violence, force; obstinacy; necessity
हठेन ― haṭhena ― violently, forcibly
(yoga) synonym of हठयोग (haṭhayoga, “hathayoga”)

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of हठ
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	हठः (haṭhaḥ)	हठौ (haṭhau) हठा¹ (haṭhā¹)	हठाः (haṭhāḥ) हठासः¹ (haṭhāsaḥ¹)
accusative	हठम् (haṭham)	हठौ (haṭhau) हठा¹ (haṭhā¹)	हठान् (haṭhān)
instrumental	हठेन (haṭhena)	हठाभ्याम् (haṭhābhyām)	हठैः (haṭhaiḥ) हठेभिः¹ (haṭhebhiḥ¹)
dative	हठाय (haṭhāya)	हठाभ्याम् (haṭhābhyām)	हठेभ्यः (haṭhebhyaḥ)
ablative	हठात् (haṭhāt)	हठाभ्याम् (haṭhābhyām)	हठेभ्यः (haṭhebhyaḥ)
genitive	हठस्य (haṭhasya)	हठयोः (haṭhayoḥ)	हठानाम् (haṭhānām)
locative	हठे (haṭhe)	हठयोः (haṭhayoḥ)	हठेषु (haṭheṣu)
vocative	हठ (haṭha)	हठौ (haṭhau) हठा¹ (haṭhā¹)	हठाः (haṭhāḥ) हठासः¹ (haṭhāsaḥ¹)

¹Vedic

Derived terms

हठगौर (haṭhagaura)
हठति (haṭhati)
हठदीर्घ (haṭhadīrgha)
हठयोग (haṭhayoga)
हठ् (haṭh, root)

Descendants

Pali: haṭha
→ Old Marathi: 𑘮𑘘 (haṭa)
- Marathi: हट्ट (haṭṭa)
  - Marathi: हट्टी (haṭṭī)

Etymology 2

Unknown.^[4]

Noun

हठ • (haṭha) stem, m^[5]

water lettuce, Pistia stratiotes

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of हठ
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	हठः (haṭhaḥ)	हठौ (haṭhau) हठा¹ (haṭhā¹)	हठाः (haṭhāḥ) हठासः¹ (haṭhāsaḥ¹)
accusative	हठम् (haṭham)	हठौ (haṭhau) हठा¹ (haṭhā¹)	हठान् (haṭhān)
instrumental	हठेन (haṭhena)	हठाभ्याम् (haṭhābhyām)	हठैः (haṭhaiḥ) हठेभिः¹ (haṭhebhiḥ¹)
dative	हठाय (haṭhāya)	हठाभ्याम् (haṭhābhyām)	हठेभ्यः (haṭhebhyaḥ)
ablative	हठात् (haṭhāt)	हठाभ्याम् (haṭhābhyām)	हठेभ्यः (haṭhebhyaḥ)
genitive	हठस्य (haṭhasya)	हठयोः (haṭhayoḥ)	हठानाम् (haṭhānām)
locative	हठे (haṭhe)	हठयोः (haṭhayoḥ)	हठेषु (haṭheṣu)
vocative	हठ (haṭha)	हठौ (haṭhau) हठा¹ (haṭhā¹)	हठाः (haṭhāḥ) हठासः¹ (haṭhāsaḥ¹)

¹Vedic

Derived terms

हठपर्णी (haṭhaparṇī)
हठालु (haṭhālu)
हठी (haṭhī)

Descendants

Prakrit: 𑀳𑀠 (haḍha)

References

^ Mayrhofer, Manfred (2001), “haṭha-¹”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎^[1] (in German), volume III, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 530
^ Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985), “*haṭ”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 806
^ Monier Williams (1899), “हठ”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 1287.
^ Mayrhofer, Manfred (2001), “haṭha-²”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎^[2] (in German), volume III, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 531
^ Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985), “haṭha²”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 806

[1] Mayrhofer, Manfred (2001), “haṭha-¹”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎^[1] (in German), volume III, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 530

[2] Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985), “*haṭ”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 806

[3] Monier Williams (1899), “हठ”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 1287.

[4] Mayrhofer, Manfred (2001), “haṭha-²”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎^[2] (in German), volume III, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 531

[5] Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985), “haṭha²”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 806

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