თოკი
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Georgian
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Uncertain. Proto-Georgian-Zan *toḳ- is reconstructible, compare Mingrelian თოკი (toḳi) and Laz თოკი (toǩi), თოჭი (toç̌i), (მ)თუკი ((m)tuǩi), თიჭი (tiç̌i). For Laz vocalism compare the Zan descendants of Proto-Georgian-Zan *kor-. Mainstream Kartvelian literature is seemingly unaware of this root however.
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]Inflection
[edit]| Declension of თოკი (see Georgian declension) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | archaic plural | |
| nominative | თოკი (toḳi) | თოკები (toḳebi) | თოკნი (toḳni) |
| ergative | თოკმა (toḳma) | თოკებმა (toḳebma) | თოკთ(ა) (toḳt(a)) |
| dative | თოკს(ა) (toḳs(a)) | თოკებს(ა) (toḳebs(a)) | თოკთ(ა) (toḳt(a)) |
| genitive | თოკის(ა) (toḳis(a)) | თოკების(ა) (toḳebis(a)) | თოკთ(ა) (toḳt(a)) |
| instrumental | თოკით(ა) (toḳit(a)) | თოკებით(ა) (toḳebit(a)) | |
| adverbial | თოკად(ა) (toḳad(a)) | თოკებად(ა) (toḳebad(a)) | |
| vocative | თოკო (toḳo) | თოკებო (toḳebo) | თოკნო (toḳno) |
| Notes: archaic plurals might not exist. | |||
| Postpositional inflection of თოკი (see Georgian postpositions) | ||
|---|---|---|
| postpositions taking a dative case | singular | plural |
| -ზე (-ze, “on”) | თოკზე (toḳze) | თოკებზე (toḳebze) |
| -თან (-tan, “near”) | თოკთან (toḳtan) | თოკებთან (toḳebtan) |
| -ში (-ši, “in”) | თოკში (toḳši) | თოკებში (toḳebši) |
| -ვით (-vit, “like”) | თოკივით (toḳivit) | თოკებივით (toḳebivit) |
| postpositions taking a genitive case | singular | plural |
| -თვის (-tvis, “for”) | თოკისთვის (toḳistvis) | თოკებისთვის (toḳebistvis) |
| -ებრ (-ebr, “like”) | თოკისებრ (toḳisebr) | თოკებისებრ (toḳebisebr) |
| -კენ (-ḳen, “towards”) | თოკისკენ (toḳisḳen) | თოკებისკენ (toḳebisḳen) |
| -გან (-gan, “from/of”) | თოკისგან (toḳisgan) | თოკებისგან (toḳebisgan) |
| postpositions taking an instrumental case | singular | plural |
| -დან (-dan, “from/since”) | თოკიდან (toḳidan) | თოკებიდან (toḳebidan) |
| -ურთ (-urt, “together with”) | თოკითურთ (toḳiturt) | თოკებითურთ (toḳebiturt) |
| postpositions taking an adverbial case | singular | plural |
| -მდე (-mde, “up to”) | თოკამდე (toḳamde) | თოკებამდე (toḳebamde) |
Descendants
[edit]- → Armenian: թոկ (tʻok)
- → Bats: თოკ (toḳ)
- → Bezhta: токӏи (tokʼi)
- → Hunzib: токӏи (toḳi)
- → Svan: თა̈კუ̂ (täḳû)
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ Marr, N. (1911) “Дневник поездки в Шавшетию и Кларджетию [Diary of the trip to Shavsheti and Klarjeti]”, in Тексты и разыскания по армяно-грузинской филологии. Книга VII. Георгий Мерчуле. Житие Св. Григория Хандзтийского (Издания Факультета восточных языков Императорского С.-Петербургского университета; 5)[1] (in Russian), Saint Petersburg: Academy Press, page 82a
- ^ Ɣlonṭi, Aleksandre (1974) “თოკვი”, in Kartul ḳilo-tkmata siṭq̇vis ḳona [Dictionary of dialectal Georgian words][2] (in Georgian), volume I, Tbilisi: Academy Press, page 250b
Further reading
[edit]- Čikobava, Arnold et al., editors (1950–1964), “თოკი”, in Kartuli enis ganmarṭebiti leksiḳoni [Explanatory Dictionary of the Georgian language] (in Georgian), Tbilisi: Academy Press
- Orbeliani, Sulxan-Saba (1685–1716) “თოკი”, in S. Iordanišvili, editor, Siṭq̇vis ḳona kartuli, romel ars leksiḳoni [Collection of Georgian words, that is a dictionary][3], Tbilisi: Georgian SSR print, published 1949, page 244b
- Klimov, G. A., Xalilov, M. Š. (2003) Словарь кавказских языков. Сопоставление основной лексики [Dictionary of Caucasian Languages. A comparison of the Basic Vocabulary] (in Russian), Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura, →ISBN, page 134
- Kiria, Č̣abuḳi, Ezugbaia, Lali, Memišiši, Omar, Čuxua, Merab (2015) Lazur-megruli gramaṭiḳa [Laz–Mingrelian Grammar] (in Georgian), Tbilisi: Gamomcemloba Meridiani, page 796
Mingrelian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Noun
[edit]Related terms
[edit]Further reading
[edit]- Kajaia, Otar (2005) “თოკი”, in Megrul-kartuli leksiḳoni [Mingrelian–Georgian Dictionary], online version prepared by Joost Gippert, Frankfurt am Main, published 2001–2004, page 603
- Kiria, Č̣abuḳi, Ezugbaia, Lali, Memišiši, Omar, Čuxua, Merab (2015) Lazur-megruli gramaṭiḳa [Laz–Mingrelian Grammar] (in Georgian), Tbilisi: Gamomcemloba Meridiani, page 796
- Kobalia, Alio (2010) “თოკი”, in Merab Čuxua, Nona Kobalia, Nana Kobalia, editors, Megruli leksiḳoni [Mingrelian Dictionary] (Ḳolxuri seria; 7)[4], online version prepared by Manana Buḳia, Tbilisi: Artanuji, →ISBN
- Pipia, Daniel (2008) “თოკი”, in Tamaz Pipia, Givi Boǯgua, editors, Megruli saleksiḳono masalebi [Megrelian dictionary materials] (Ḳolxuri seria; 3)[5], online version prepared by Manana Buḳia, Tbilisi: Artanuji, →ISBN