ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ

Mongolian

Mongolian	Cyrillic
ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ (mongɣol)	монгол (mongol)

Etymology

Inherited from Classical Mongolian ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ (mongɣol), from Middle Mongol ᠮᠣᠩᠬᠣᠯ (mongqol), ᠮᠣᠩᠬ᠋ᠣᠯ (mongqol).

Sükhbataar (1992) and de la Vaissière (2021) derive this ethnonym from the Rouran Khaganate's progenitor's personal Tuoba name, which is transliterated as 木骨閭 (MC muwk kwot ljo) and glossed as 首禿 "bald-headed" in Chinese-language sources.^[1]^[2] The original Tuoba word has been proposed to be cognate with Middle Mongol [script needed] (muqular, “bald, hornless”) (> Mongolian мухар (muxar, “bald, hornless, tailless; blunt, dull”)) and reconstructed as muqo-lo ~ moqo-lo by Vovin (2007: 200-202)^[3] and mʊqʊlɪ by Shimunek (2017: 147-148).^[4]

Compare Buryat монгол (mongol), Written Oirat ᡏᡆᡊᡎᡆᠯ (mongɣol), Kalmyk моңһл (moñğl); Tuvan моол (mool), Khakas моол (mool), Southern Altai моҥол (moŋol); Jurchen [script needed] (*moŋgu), Manchu ᠮᠣᠩᡤᠣ (monggo); etc.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈmɔŋkɔɮ/
Syllabification: мон‧гол (2 syllables)

Noun

ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ • (mongɣol)^[5]

Mongol (person or people)
(attributively) Mongolian
ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ
ᠬᠡᠯᠡ ― mongɣol kele ― Mongolian language

Declension

Declension of **ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ**
	nominative	genitive			dative–locative		accusative		ablative	instrumental	comitative		directional	similative
		attributive	substantive		adverbial	adjectival locative	indefinite	definite			modern	archaic
		attributive	singular	plural	adverbial	adjectival locative	indefinite	definite			modern	archaic
singular	ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ (mongɣol)	ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ ᠤ᠋ᠨ (mongɣol-un)	ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ ᠤ᠋ᠨ ᠬᠢ (mongɣol-un ki)	ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ ᠤ᠋ᠨ ᠬᠢᠨ (mongɣol-un kin)	ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ ᠳ᠋ᠤ (mongɣol-du)	ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ ᠳ᠋ᠠᠬᠢ (mongɣol-daki)	ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ (mongɣol)	ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ ᠢ᠋ (mongɣol-i)	ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ ᠠ᠋ᠴᠠ (mongɣol-ača)	ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ ᠢ᠋ᠶ᠋ᠠᠷ (mongɣol-iyar)	ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ (mongɣol-tai)	ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ ᠯᠤᠭ᠎ᠠ (mongɣol lug-a)	ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ ᠤᠷᠤᠭᠤ (mongɣol uruɣu)	ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ ᠰᠢᠭ᠋ (mongɣol sig)	ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ ᠮᠡᠲᠦ (mongɣol metü)
plural	ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯᠴᠤᠳ (mongɣolčud)	ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯᠴᠤᠳ ᠤ᠋ᠨ (mongɣolčud un)	ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯᠴᠤᠳ ᠤ᠋ᠨ ᠬᠢ (mongɣolčud-un ki)	ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯᠴᠤᠳ ᠤ᠋ᠨ ᠬᠢᠨ (mongɣolčud-un kin)	ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯᠴᠤᠳ ᠲᠤ᠌ (mongɣolčud-tu)	ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯᠴᠤᠳ ᠳ᠋ᠠᠬᠢ (mongɣolčud-daki)	ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ (mongɣol)	ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯᠴᠤᠳ ᠢ᠋ (mongɣolčud-i)	ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯᠴᠤᠳ ᠠ᠋ᠴᠠ (mongɣolčud-ača)	ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯᠴᠤᠳ ᠢ᠋ᠶ᠋ᠠᠷ (mongɣolčud-iyar)	ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯᠴᠤᠳ ᠲᠠᠢ (mongɣolčud-tai)	ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯᠴᠤᠳ ᠯᠤᠭ᠎ᠠ (mongɣolčud lug-a)	ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯᠴᠤᠳ ᠤᠷᠤᠭᠤ (mongɣolčud uruɣu)	ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯᠴᠤᠳ ᠰᠢᠭ᠋ (mongɣolčud sig)	ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯᠴᠤᠳ ᠮᠡᠲᠦ (mongɣolčud metü)

Derived terms

ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯᠤᠷᠬᠠᠬᠤ (mongɣolurqaqu)
ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯᠤᠷᠬᠠᠭ (mongɣolurqag)
ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯᠰᠢᠬᠤ (mongɣolsiqu)
ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯᠴᠢ (mongɣolči)
ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯᠴᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ (mongɣolčilaqu, “to translate into Mongolian”)
ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯᠴᠢᠯᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ (mongɣolčilag-a, “Mongolian translation”)
ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯᠵᠢᠨ (mongɣolǰin)
ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯᠵᠢᠬᠤ (mongɣolǰiqu, “to get Mongolised”)
ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯᠵᠢᠭᠤ (mongɣolǰiɣu)
ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯᠵᠢᠭᠤᠨ (mongɣolǰiɣun, “Mongolised”)

References

^ Г. Сүхбаатар (1992), “Монгол Нирун улс [Mongol Nirun (Rouran) state]”, in Монголын эртний түүх судлал, III боть [Historiography of Ancient Mongolia, Volume III] (in Mongolian), volume 3, pages 330–550
^ de la Vaissière, É. (2021). “The Origin of the Name ‘Mongol’”. International Journal of Eurasian Linguistics, 3(2), 266-271. tentative draft
^ Vovin, A. (2007). “Once Again on the Tabgač Language”. Mongolian Studies, 29, 191–206. http://www.jstor.org/stable/43193441
^ Shimunek, Andrew E (2017), Languages of Ancient Southern Mongolia and North China: A Historical-Comparative Study of the Serbi or Xianbei Branch of the Serbi-Mongolic Language Family, with an Analysis of Northeastern Frontier Chinese and Old Tibetan Phonology
^ “ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ”, in ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ
ᠵᠥᠪ
ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠯᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ
ᠲᠣᠯᠢ (in Mongolian), 3rd edition, Hohhot: Inner Mongolia People’s Publishing House, 2019, →ISBN, page 462, column 1

[1] Г. Сүхбаатар (1992), “Монгол Нирун улс [Mongol Nirun (Rouran) state]”, in Монголын эртний түүх судлал, III боть [Historiography of Ancient Mongolia, Volume III] (in Mongolian), volume 3, pages 330–550

[2] Vaissière, É. (2021). “The Origin of the Name ‘Mongol’”. International Journal of Eurasian Linguistics, 3(2), 266-271. tentative draft

[3] Vovin, A. (2007). “Once Again on the Tabgač Language”. Mongolian Studies, 29, 191–206. http://www.jstor.org/stable/43193441

[4] Shimunek, Andrew E (2017), Languages of Ancient Southern Mongolia and North China: A Historical-Comparative Study of the Serbi or Xianbei Branch of the Serbi-Mongolic Language Family, with an Analysis of Northeastern Frontier Chinese and Old Tibetan Phonology

[5] “ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ”, in ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ
ᠵᠥᠪ
ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠯᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ
ᠲᠣᠯᠢ (in Mongolian), 3rd edition, Hohhot: Inner Mongolia People’s Publishing House, 2019, →ISBN, page 462, column 1

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