ἄφρων

See also: αφρών

Ancient Greek

Etymology

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ἀ- (a-, “not”) +‎ -φρων (-phrōn, “mind”)

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /á.pʰron/ → /ˈa.ɸron/ → /ˈa.fron/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /á.pʰron/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ˈa.pʰron/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ˈa.ɸron/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ˈa.fron/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ˈa.fron/

Adjective

ἄφρων • (áphrōn) m or f (neuter ἄφρον); third declension

1. senseless, crazed, frantic, silly, foolish
   • 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Memorabilia 1.4.4
   • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 5.875
   • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 5.761
   • 458 BCE, Aeschylus, The Eumenides 377
   • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 3.220
   • 750 BCE – 650 BCE, Hesiod, Works and Days 210
   • 497 BCE – 405 BCE, Sophocles, Electra 941
   • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 4.104
   • 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 5.105
   • 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Memorabilia 1.2.55
   • 485 BCE – 380 BCE, Gorgias, Fragments 6
   • 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Cyropaedia 3.1.17
   • 386 BCE – 367 BCE, Plato, Cratylus 392C
   • 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Memorabilia 2.1.5
   • 497 BCE – 405 BCE, Sophocles, Ajax 766
   • 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Hellenica 5.1.19
   • 436 BCE – 338 BCE, Isocrates, To Philip 7
   • 428 BCE – 347 BCE, Plato, Laches 193C
   • 331 CE – 363 CE, Julian, Orations 7.224D

Inflection

Third declension of ᾰ̓́φρων; ἄφρον (Attic)

Number		Singular			Dual			Plural
Case/Gender		Masculine / Feminine	Neuter		Masculine / Feminine	Neuter		Masculine / Feminine	Neuter
Nominative		ᾰ̓́φρων áphrōn	ἄφρον áphron		ᾰ̓́φρονε áphrone	ᾰ̓́φρονε áphrone		ᾰ̓́φρονες áphrones	ᾰ̓́φρονᾰ áphrona
Genitive		ᾰ̓́φρονος áphronos	ᾰ̓́φρονος áphronos		ᾰ̓φρόνοιν aphrónoin	ᾰ̓φρόνοιν aphrónoin		ᾰ̓φρόνων aphrónōn	ᾰ̓φρόνων aphrónōn
Dative		ᾰ̓́φρονῐ áphroni	ᾰ̓́φρονῐ áphroni		ᾰ̓φρόνοιν aphrónoin	ᾰ̓φρόνοιν aphrónoin		ᾰ̓́φροσῐ / ᾰ̓́φροσῐν áphrosi(n)	ᾰ̓́φροσῐ / ᾰ̓́φροσῐν áphrosi(n)
Accusative		ᾰ̓́φρονᾰ áphrona	ἄφρον áphron		ᾰ̓́φρονε áphrone	ᾰ̓́φρονε áphrone		ᾰ̓́φρονᾰς áphronas	ᾰ̓́φρονᾰ áphrona
Vocative		ᾰ̓́φρον áphron	ἄφρον áphron		ᾰ̓́φρονε áphrone	ᾰ̓́φρονε áphrone		ᾰ̓́φρονες áphrones	ᾰ̓́φρονᾰ áphrona
Derived forms		Adverb			Comparative			Superlative
		ᾰ̓φρόνως aphrónōs			ᾰ̓φρονέστερος aphronésteros			ᾰ̓φρονέστᾰτος aphronéstatos
Notes:		This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Further reading

• “ἄφρων”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “ἄφρων”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “ἄφρων”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
• ἄφρων in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
• ἄφρων in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
• ἄφρων in the Diccionario Griego–Español en línea (2006–2024)
• “ἄφρων”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
• G878 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
• Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎^[1], London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
  • brainless idem, page 93.
  • crazy idem, page 182.
  • foolish idem, page 333.
  • giddy idem, page 359.
  • idiot idem, page 413.
  • imbecile idem, page 417.
  • insane idem, page 443.
  • senseless idem, page 752.
  • silly idem, page 776.
  • stupid idem, page 830.
  • witless idem, page 985.