ἅγιος

See also: άγιος

Ancient Greek

FWOTD – 3 August 2017

Etymology

From Proto-Hellenic *hágiyos, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁yáǵ-yo-s, from *h₁yaǵ- (“to sacrifice, worship”).

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /há.ɡi.os/ → /ˈa.ʝi.os/ → /ˈa.ʝi.os/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /há.ɡi.os/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ˈ(h)a.ɡi.os/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ˈa.ʝi.os/
• (10^th CE Medieval) IPA^(key): /ˈa.ʝi.os/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ˈa.ʝi.os/

Adjective

ᾰ̔́γῐος • (hắgĭos) m (feminine ᾰ̔γῐ́ᾱ, neuter ᾰ̔́γῐον); first/second declension

1. devoted to the gods
2. (of things) sacred, holy
   • 460 BCE – 430 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 2.41.5:

     ἐν ταύτῃ ὦ τῇ Προσωπίτιδι νήσῳ ἔνεισι μὲν καὶ ἄλλαι πόλιες συχναί, ἐκ τῆς δὲ αἱ βάριες παραγίνονται ἀναιρησόμεναι τὰ ὀστέα τῶν βοῶν, οὔνομα τῇ πόλι Ἀτάρβηχις, ἐν δ’ αὐτῇ Ἀφροδίτης ἱρὸν ἅγιον ἵδρυται.

     en taútēi ô tēî Prosōpítidi nḗsōi éneisi mèn kaì állai pólies sukhnaí, ek tês dè hai báries paragínontai anairēsómenai tà ostéa tôn boôn, oúnoma tēî póli Atárbēkhis, en d’ autēî Aphrodítēs hiròn hágion hídrutai.

     • 1920 translation by A. D. Godley

       There are many other towns on Prosopitis; the one from which the boats come to gather the bones of the bulls is called Atarbekhis; a temple of Aphrodite stands in it of great sanctity.

3. (of people) holy, pious, pure
4. accursed

Declension

First and second declension of ᾰ̔́γῐος; ᾰ̔γῐ́ᾱ; ᾰ̔́γῐον (Attic)

Number		Singular				Dual				Plural
Case/Gender		Masculine	Feminine	Neuter		Masculine	Feminine	Neuter		Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative		ᾰ̔́γῐος hắgĭos	ᾰ̔γῐ́ᾱ hăgĭ́ā	ᾰ̔́γῐον hắgĭon		ᾰ̔γῐ́ω hăgĭ́ō	ᾰ̔γῐ́ᾱ hăgĭ́ā	ᾰ̔γῐ́ω hăgĭ́ō		ᾰ̔́γῐοι hắgĭoi	ᾰ̔́γῐαι hắgĭai	ᾰ̔́γῐᾰ hắgĭă
Genitive		ᾰ̔γῐ́ου hăgĭ́ou	ᾰ̔γῐ́ᾱς hăgĭ́ās	ᾰ̔γῐ́ου hăgĭ́ou		ᾰ̔γῐ́οιν hăgĭ́oin	ᾰ̔γῐ́αιν hăgĭ́ain	ᾰ̔γῐ́οιν hăgĭ́oin		ᾰ̔γῐ́ων hăgĭ́ōn	ᾰ̔γῐ́ων hăgĭ́ōn	ᾰ̔γῐ́ων hăgĭ́ōn
Dative		ᾰ̔γῐ́ῳ hăgĭ́ōi	ᾰ̔γῐ́ᾳ hăgĭ́āi	ᾰ̔γῐ́ῳ hăgĭ́ōi		ᾰ̔γῐ́οιν hăgĭ́oin	ᾰ̔γῐ́αιν hăgĭ́ain	ᾰ̔γῐ́οιν hăgĭ́oin		ᾰ̔γῐ́οις hăgĭ́ois	ᾰ̔γῐ́αις hăgĭ́ais	ᾰ̔γῐ́οις hăgĭ́ois
Accusative		ᾰ̔́γῐον hắgĭon	ᾰ̔γῐ́ᾱν hăgĭ́ān	ᾰ̔́γῐον hắgĭon		ᾰ̔γῐ́ω hăgĭ́ō	ᾰ̔γῐ́ᾱ hăgĭ́ā	ᾰ̔γῐ́ω hăgĭ́ō		ᾰ̔γῐ́ους hăgĭ́ous	ᾰ̔γῐ́ᾱς hăgĭ́ās	ᾰ̔́γῐᾰ hắgĭă
Vocative		ᾰ̔́γῐε hắgĭe	ᾰ̔γῐ́ᾱ hăgĭ́ā	ᾰ̔́γῐον hắgĭon		ᾰ̔γῐ́ω hăgĭ́ō	ᾰ̔γῐ́ᾱ hăgĭ́ā	ᾰ̔γῐ́ω hăgĭ́ō		ᾰ̔́γῐοι hắgĭoi	ᾰ̔́γῐαι hắgĭai	ᾰ̔́γῐᾰ hắgĭă
Derived forms		Adverb				Comparative				Superlative
		ᾰ̔γῐ́ως hăgĭ́ōs				ᾰ̔γῐώτερος hăgĭṓteros				ᾰ̔γῐώτᾰτος hăgĭṓtătos
Notes:		This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

First and second declension of ᾰ̔́γῐος; ᾰ̔γῐ́η; ᾰ̔́γῐον (Ionic)

Number		Singular				Dual				Plural
Case/Gender		Masculine	Feminine	Neuter		Masculine	Feminine	Neuter		Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative		ᾰ̔́γῐος hắgĭos	ᾰ̔γῐ́η hăgĭ́ē	ᾰ̔́γῐον hắgĭon		ᾰ̔γῐ́ω hăgĭ́ō	ᾰ̔γῐ́ᾱ hăgĭ́ā	ᾰ̔γῐ́ω hăgĭ́ō		ᾰ̔́γῐοι hắgĭoi	ᾰ̔́γῐαι hắgĭai	ᾰ̔́γῐᾰ hắgĭă
Genitive		ᾰ̔γῐ́ου hăgĭ́ou	ᾰ̔γῐ́ης hăgĭ́ēs	ᾰ̔γῐ́ου hăgĭ́ou		ᾰ̔γῐ́οιν hăgĭ́oin	ᾰ̔γῐ́αιν hăgĭ́ain	ᾰ̔γῐ́οιν hăgĭ́oin		ᾰ̔γῐ́ων hăgĭ́ōn	ᾰ̔γῐέων ᾰ̔γῐῶν hăgĭéōn hăgĭôn	ᾰ̔γῐ́ων hăgĭ́ōn
Dative		ᾰ̔γῐ́ῳ hăgĭ́ōi	ᾰ̔γῐ́ῃ hăgĭ́ēi	ᾰ̔γῐ́ῳ hăgĭ́ōi		ᾰ̔γῐ́οιν hăgĭ́oin	ᾰ̔γῐ́αιν hăgĭ́ain	ᾰ̔γῐ́οιν hăgĭ́oin		ᾰ̔γῐ́οισῐ ᾰ̔γῐ́οισῐν hăgĭ́oisĭ(n)	ᾰ̔γῐ́ῃσῐ ᾰ̔γῐ́ῃσῐν hăgĭ́ēisĭ(n)	ᾰ̔γῐ́οισῐ ᾰ̔γῐ́οισῐν hăgĭ́oisĭ(n)
Accusative		ᾰ̔́γῐον hắgĭon	ᾰ̔γῐ́ην hăgĭ́ēn	ᾰ̔́γῐον hắgĭon		ᾰ̔γῐ́ω hăgĭ́ō	ᾰ̔γῐ́ᾱ hăgĭ́ā	ᾰ̔γῐ́ω hăgĭ́ō		ᾰ̔γῐ́ους hăgĭ́ous	ᾰ̔γῐ́ᾱς hăgĭ́ās	ᾰ̔́γῐᾰ hắgĭă
Vocative		ᾰ̔́γῐε hắgĭe	ᾰ̔γῐ́η hăgĭ́ē	ᾰ̔́γῐον hắgĭon		ᾰ̔γῐ́ω hăgĭ́ō	ᾰ̔γῐ́ᾱ hăgĭ́ā	ᾰ̔γῐ́ω hăgĭ́ō		ᾰ̔́γῐοι hắgĭoi	ᾰ̔́γῐαι hắgĭai	ᾰ̔́γῐᾰ hắgĭă
Derived forms		Adverb				Comparative				Superlative
		ᾰ̔γῐ́ως hăgĭ́ōs				ᾰ̔γῐώτερος hăgĭṓteros				ᾰ̔γῐώτᾰτος hăgĭṓtătos
Notes:		Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms may be based on conjecture. Use with caution.

First and second declension of ᾰ̔́γῐος; ᾰ̔γῐ́ᾱ; ᾰ̔́γῐον (Laconian)

Number		Singular				Dual				Plural
Case/Gender		Masculine	Feminine	Neuter		Masculine	Feminine	Neuter		Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative		ᾰ̔́γῐος hắgĭos	ᾰ̔γῐ́ᾱ hăgĭ́ā	ᾰ̔́γῐον hắgĭon		ᾰ̔γῐ́ω hăgĭ́ō	ᾰ̔γῐ́ᾱ hăgĭ́ā	ᾰ̔γῐ́ω hăgĭ́ō		ᾰ̔́γῐοι hắgĭoi	ᾰ̔́γῐαι hắgĭai	ᾰ̔́γῐᾰ hắgĭă
Genitive		ᾰ̔γῐ́ω hăgĭ́ō	ᾰ̔γῐ́ᾱς hăgĭ́ās	ᾰ̔γῐ́ω hăgĭ́ō		ᾰ̔γῐ́οιν hăgĭ́oin	ᾰ̔γῐ́αιν hăgĭ́ain	ᾰ̔γῐ́οιν hăgĭ́oin		ᾰ̔γῐ́ων hăgĭ́ōn	ᾰ̔γῐᾶν hăgĭân	ᾰ̔γῐ́ων hăgĭ́ōn
Dative		ᾰ̔γῐ́ῳ hăgĭ́ōi	ᾰ̔γῐ́ᾳ hăgĭ́āi	ᾰ̔γῐ́ῳ hăgĭ́ōi		ᾰ̔γῐ́οιν hăgĭ́oin	ᾰ̔γῐ́αιν hăgĭ́ain	ᾰ̔γῐ́οιν hăgĭ́oin		ᾰ̔γῐ́οις hăgĭ́ois	ᾰ̔γῐ́αις hăgĭ́ais	ᾰ̔γῐ́οις hăgĭ́ois
Accusative		ᾰ̔́γῐον hắgĭon	ᾰ̔γῐ́ᾱν hăgĭ́ān	ᾰ̔́γῐον hắgĭon		ᾰ̔γῐ́ω hăgĭ́ō	ᾰ̔γῐ́ᾱ hăgĭ́ā	ᾰ̔γῐ́ω hăgĭ́ō		ᾰ̔γῐ́ως hăgĭ́ōs	ᾰ̔γῐ́ᾱς hăgĭ́ās	ᾰ̔́γῐᾰ hắgĭă
Vocative		ᾰ̔́γῐε hắgĭe	ᾰ̔γῐ́ᾱ hăgĭ́ā	ᾰ̔́γῐον hắgĭon		ᾰ̔γῐ́ω hăgĭ́ō	ᾰ̔γῐ́ᾱ hăgĭ́ā	ᾰ̔γῐ́ω hăgĭ́ō		ᾰ̔́γῐοι hắgĭoi	ᾰ̔́γῐαι hắgĭai	ᾰ̔́γῐᾰ hắgĭă
Derived forms		Adverb				Comparative				Superlative
		ᾰ̔γῐ́ως hăgĭ́ōs				ᾰ̔γῐώτερος hăgĭṓteros				ᾰ̔γῐώτᾰτος hăgĭṓtătos
Notes:		Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms may be based on conjecture. Use with caution.

Derived terms

• ᾰ̔γείτης (hăgeítēs)
• ᾰ̔γῐᾰ́ζω (hăgĭắzō)
• ᾰ̔γῐ́ᾰσμᾰ (hăgĭ́ăsmă)
• ᾰ̔γῐᾰσμός (hăgĭăsmós)
• ᾰ̔γῐᾰστεύω (hăgĭăsteúō)
• ᾰ̔γῐᾰστήρ (hăgĭăstḗr)
• ᾰ̔γῐᾰστήρῐον (hăgĭăstḗrĭon)
• ᾰ̔γῐᾰστής (hăgĭăstḗs)
• ᾰ̔γῐᾰστῐ́ (hăgĭăstĭ́)
• ᾰ̔γῐᾰστῐ́ᾰ (hăgĭăstĭ́ă)
• ᾰ̔γῐᾰστῐκός (hăgĭăstĭkós)
• ᾰ̔γῐᾰστός (hăgĭăstós)
• ᾰ̔γῐᾰ́τῐκος (hăgĭắtĭkos)
• ᾰ̔γῐᾰφόρος (hăgĭăphóros)
• ᾰ̔γῐέλαιον (hăgĭélaion)
• ᾰ̔γῐ́ζω (hăgĭ́zō)
• ᾰ̔γῐκός (hăgĭkós)
• ᾰ̔γῐοβᾰσῐλῐᾰ́τῐκος (hăgĭobăsĭlĭắtĭkos)
• ᾰ̔γῐογδῠ́της (hăgĭogdŭ́tēs)
• ᾰ̔γῐογρᾰ́φος (hăgĭogrắphos)
• ᾰ̔γῐόγρᾰφος (hăgĭógrăphos)
• ᾰ̔γῐογρᾰ́φω (hăgĭogrắphō)
• ᾰ̔γῐοδημητρῐᾰ́τῐκος (hăgĭodēmētrĭắtĭkos)
• ᾰ̔γῐοδόχος (hăgĭodókhos)
• ᾰ̔γῐόζουμον (hăgĭózoumon)
• ᾰ̔γῐόζωμον (hăgĭózōmon)
• ᾰ̔γῐοκλέπτης (hăgĭokléptēs)
• ᾰ̔γῐόκλημᾰ (hăgĭóklēmă)
• ᾰ̔γῐοκλῐ́της (hăgĭoklĭ́tēs)
• ᾰ̔γῐόλεκτος (hăgĭólektos)
• ᾰ̔γῐολόγος (hăgĭológos)
• ᾰ̔γῐομνήσῐον (hăgĭomnḗsĭon)
• ᾰ̔́γῐον (hắgĭon)
• Ᾰ̔́γῐον (Hắgĭon)
• ᾰ̔γῐοπᾰντῑ́της (hăgĭopăntī́tēs)
• ᾰ̔γῐοποιέω (hăgĭopoiéō)
• ᾰ̔γῐοποιός (hăgĭopoiós)
• ᾰ̔γῐοποιῶ (hăgĭopoiô)
• ᾰ̔γῐοπρέπειᾰ (hăgĭoprépeiă)
• ᾰ̔γῐοπρεπής (hăgĭoprepḗs)
• ᾰ̔γῐόρῐζος (hăgĭórĭzos)
• ᾰ̔γῐοσῠ́νη (hăgĭosŭ́nē)
• ᾰ̔γῐοτᾰφῑ́της (hăgĭotăphī́tēs)
• ᾰ̔γῐοτᾰφῐ́τῐκος (hăgĭotăphĭ́tĭkos)
• ᾰ̔γῐότης (hăgĭótēs)
• ᾰ̔γῐοτρῐσσολογέω (hăgĭotrĭssologéō)
• ᾰ̔γῐοτρῐσσολογῶ (hăgĭotrĭssologô)
• ᾰ̔γῐοτρόπος (hăgĭotrópos)
• ᾰ̔γῐότροφος (hăgĭótrophos)
• ᾰ̔γῐοφᾰνής (hăgĭophănḗs)
• ᾰ̔γῐοφόρος (hăgĭophóros)
• ᾰ̔γῐόφρων (hăgĭóphrōn)
• ᾰ̔γῐοχορεῖαι (hăgĭokhoreîai)
• ᾰ̔γῐσμός (hăgĭsmós)
• ᾰ̔γῐσμούς (hăgĭsmoús)
• ᾰ̔γῐστείᾰ (hăgĭsteíă)
• ᾰ̔γῐ́στευμᾰ (hăgĭ́steumă)
• ᾰ̔γῐστεύω (hăgĭsteúō)
• ᾰ̔γῐστήρῐον (hăgĭstḗrĭon)
• ᾰ̔γῐστής (hăgĭstḗs)
• ᾰ̔γῐστῐ́ᾰ (hăgĭstĭ́ă)
• ᾰ̔γῐστός (hăgĭstós)
• ᾰ̔γῐστῡ́ς (hăgĭstū́s)
• ᾰ̔γῐτεῐ́ᾰ (hăgĭteĭ́ă)
• ᾰ̔γῑ́της (hăgī́tēs)
• ᾰ̔γῐωδέστᾰτᾰ (hăgĭōdéstătă)
• ᾰ̔γῐώδης (hăgĭṓdēs)
• ᾰ̔γῐώδως (hăgĭṓdōs)
• ᾰ̔γῐώνῠμος (hăgĭṓnŭmos)
• ᾰ̔γῐ́ως (hăgĭ́ōs)
• ᾰ̔γῐωσῠ́νη (hăgĭōsŭ́nē)
• ᾰ̔γῐωτῐκός (hăgĭōtĭkós)
• ᾰ̓νᾰ́γῐος (ănắgĭos)
• αὐτοᾰγῐᾰσμός (autoăgĭăsmós)
• αὐτοᾰ́γῐος (autoắgĭos)
• αὐτοᾰγῐότης (autoăgĭótēs)
• ἐξᾰ́γῐστος (exắgĭstos)
• ἡγῐᾰσμένως (hēgĭăsménōs)
• ἡμῐᾰ́γῐος (hēmĭắgĭos)
• κᾰθᾰγῐ́ζω (kăthăgĭ́zō)
• κλεπτοᾰ́γῐος (kleptoắgĭos)
• μῐσᾰ́γῐος (mĭsắgĭos)
• μῡρῐᾰ́γῐος (mūrĭắgĭos)
• πᾰνᾰ́γῐος (pănắgĭos)
• σῠνᾰ́γῐος (sŭnắgĭos)
• τετρᾰ́γῐος (tetrắgĭos)
• τζουρῐχοᾰ́γῐος (tzourĭkhoắgĭos)
• τρῐσᾰ́γῐον (trĭsắgĭon)
• τρῐσᾰ́γῐος (trĭsắgĭos)
• ῠ̔περᾰ́γῐος (hŭperắgĭos)
• φῐλᾰ́γῐος (phĭlắgĭos)

Related terms

• ᾱ̔γής (hāgḗs)
• ᾰ̔γνός (hăgnós)
• ᾰ̔́γος (hắgos)
• ᾰ̔́ζομαι (hắzomai)

Descendants

• Greek: άγιος (ágios)
• → Coptic: ϩⲁⲅⲓⲟⲥ (hagios)
• →⇒ English: hagio-
• →⇒ French: hagio-

Noun

ᾰ̔́γῐος • (hắgĭos) m (genitive ᾰ̔γῐ́ου); second declension

1. (Koine, biblical) a Christian
   • 53 CE – 55 CE, Paul the Apostle, First Epistle to the Corinthians 6:1:

     Τολμᾷ τις ὑμῶν, πρᾶγμα ἔχων πρὸς τὸν ἕτερον, κρίνεσθαι ἐπὶ τῶν ἀδίκων καὶ οὐχὶ ἐπὶ τῶν ἁγίων;

     Tolmāî tis humôn, prâgma ékhōn pròs tòn héteron, krínesthai epì tôn adíkōn kaì oukhì epì tôn hagíōn?

     • Translation by King James Version

       Dare any of you, having a matter against another, go to law before the unjust, and not before the saints?

2. (Koine, Medieval) a saint

Declension

Second declension of ὁ ᾰ̔́γῐος; τοῦ ᾰ̔γῐ́ου (Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Plural
Nominative	ὁ ᾰ̔́γῐος ho hắgĭos	οἱ ᾰ̔́γῐοι hoi hắgĭoi
Genitive	τοῦ ᾰ̔γῐ́ου toû hăgĭ́ou	τῶν ᾰ̔γῐ́ων tôn hăgĭ́ōn
Dative	τῷ ᾰ̔γῐ́ῳ tōî hăgĭ́ōi	τοῖς ᾰ̔γῐ́οις toîs hăgĭ́ois
Accusative	τὸν ᾰ̔́γῐον tòn hắgĭon	τοὺς ᾰ̔γῐ́ους toùs hăgĭ́ous
Vocative	ᾰ̔́γῐε hắgĭe	ᾰ̔́γῐοι hắgĭoi
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Further reading

• “ἅγιος”, in Liddell & Scott (1940), A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “ἅγιος”, in Liddell & Scott (1889), An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “ἅγιος” in Bailly, Anatole (1935), Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
• Bauer, Walter et al. (2001), A Greek–English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, Third edition, Chicago: University of Chicago Press
• “ἅγιος” in the Diccionario Griego–Español en línea (2006–2026)
• Strong, James (1979), “G40”, in Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
• Woodhouse, S. C. (1910), English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎^[1], London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
  • blessed idem, page 83.
  • hallowed idem, page 381.
  • holy idem, page 403.
  • sacred idem, page 728.
• Frisk, Hjalmar (1960), “ἅγιος”, in Griechisches etymologisches Wörterbuch (in German), volume I, Heidelberg: Carl Winter, page 10