ἕρκος

Ancient Greek

Etymology

Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *serḱ- (“to twine, mend”), like Latin sarciō (“to mend”).

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /hér.kos/ → /ˈer.kos/ → /ˈer.kos/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /hér.kos/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ˈ(h)er.kos/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ˈer.kos/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ˈer.kos/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ˈer.kos/

Noun

ἕρκος • (hérkos) n (genitive ἕρκεος or ἕρκους); third declension

1. fence, enclosure
   1. courtyard of houses
   2. wall for defence; the defence itself
   3. a net, a toil for birds

Inflection

Third declension of τὸ ἕρκος; τοῦ ἕρκους (Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	τὸ ἕρκος tò hérkos	τὼ ἕρκει tṑ hérkei	τᾰ̀ ἕρκη tằ hérkē
Genitive	τοῦ ἕρκους toû hérkous	τοῖν ἑρκοῖν toîn herkoîn	τῶν ἑρκῶν tôn herkôn
Dative	τῷ ἕρκει tōî hérkei	τοῖν ἑρκοῖν toîn herkoîn	τοῖς ἕρκεσῐ / ἕρκεσῐν toîs hérkesĭ(n)
Accusative	τὸ ἕρκος tò hérkos	τὼ ἕρκει tṑ hérkei	τᾰ̀ ἕρκη tằ hérkē
Vocative	ἕρκος hérkos	ἕρκει hérkei	ἕρκη hérkē
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Third declension of ἕρκος; ἕρκεος / ἕρκευς (Epic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ἕρκος hérkos	ἕρκεε / ἕρκει hérkee / hérkei	ἕρκεᾰ hérkeă
Genitive	ἕρκεος / ἕρκευς hérkeos / hérkeus	ἑρκέοιῐ̈ν herkéoiĭ̈n	ἑρκέων herkéōn
Dative	ἕρκεῐ̈ / ἕρκει hérkeĭ̈ / hérkei	ἑρκέοιῐ̈ν herkéoiĭ̈n	ἕρκεσῐ / ἕρκεσῐν / ἕρκεσσῐ / ἕρκεσσῐν / ἑρκέεσσῐ / ἑρκέεσσῐν hérkesĭ(n) / hérkessĭ(n) / herkéessĭ(n)
Accusative	ἕρκος hérkos	ἕρκεε / ἕρκει hérkee / hérkei	ἕρκεᾰ hérkeă
Vocative	ἕρκος hérkos	ἕρκεε / ἕρκει hérkee / hérkei	ἕρκεᾰ hérkeă
Notes:	Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms may be based on conjecture. Use with caution.

Derived terms

• ἑρκεῖος (herkeîos)
• ἑρκίον (herkíon)
• ἑρκίτης (herkítēs)
• πολῐορκέω (polĭorkéō)

Related terms

• ὅρκος (hórkos, “oath”) (possibly)

Further reading

• “ἕρκος”, in Liddell & Scott (1940), A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• ἕρκος in Bailly, Anatole (1935), Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
• “ἕρκος”, in Liddell & Scott (1889), An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
• ἕρκος in Pape, Wilhelm (1914), Max Sengebusch, editor, Handwörterbuch der griechischen Sprache‎^[1] (in German), 3rd edition, Braunschweig: Friedrich Vieweg und Sohn
• ἕρκος, in ΛΟΓΕΙΟΝ [Logeion] Dictionaries for Ancient Greek and Latin (in English, French, Spanish, German, Dutch and Chinese), University of Chicago, since 2011