ἡμέρα

See also: ημέρα

Ancient Greek

Alternative forms

• ᾱ̓μάρᾱ (āmárā) — Locrian
• ᾱ̓μέρᾱ (āmérā) — Doric
• ἡμέρη (hēmérē) — Epic, Ionic

Etymology

Lengthened form of ἦμαρ (êmar, “day”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eh₃mr̥ (“heat”), from *h₂eh₃- (“be hot, burn”). Initial aspiration ῾ (h) in Attic probably comes by analogy with ἑσπέρᾱ (hespérā). Cognate with Old Armenian աւր (awr, “day”).

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /hɛː.mé.raː/ → /iˈme.ra/ → /iˈme.ra/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /hɛː.mé.raː/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /(h)e̝ˈme.ra/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /iˈme.ra/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /iˈme.ra/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /iˈme.ra/

Noun

ἡμέρᾱ • (hēmérā) f (genitive ἡμέρᾱς); first declension

1. day
2. (with adjectives) a time of life of a particular type or length
3. (poetic) time
4. (adverbial)
   1. (genitive) within a certain number of days; by day; sometime during a particular day
   2. (dative) on a particular day
   3. (accusative) for a day or days; after a day or a certain number of days; in the daytime

Inflection

First declension of ἡ ἡμέρᾱ; τῆς ἡμέρᾱς (Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ἡ ἡμέρᾱ hē hēmérā	τὼ ἡμέρᾱ tṑ hēmérā	αἱ ἡμέραι hai hēmérai
Genitive	τῆς ἡμέρᾱς tês hēmérās	τοῖν ἡμέραιν toîn hēmérain	τῶν ἡμερῶν tôn hēmerôn
Dative	τῇ ἡμέρᾳ têi hēmérāi	τοῖν ἡμέραιν toîn hēmérain	ταῖς ἡμέραις taîs hēmérais
Accusative	τὴν ἡμέρᾱν tḕn hēmérān	τὼ ἡμέρᾱ tṑ hēmérā	τᾱ̀ς ἡμέρᾱς tā̀s hēmérās
Vocative	ἡμέρᾱ hēmérā	ἡμέρᾱ hēmérā	ἡμέραι hēmérai
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

First declension of ἡ ἡμέρη; τῆς ἡμέρης (Ionic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ἡ ἡμέρη hē hēmérē	τὼ ἡμέρᾱ tṑ hēmérā	αἱ ἡμέραι hai hēmérai
Genitive	τῆς ἡμέρης tês hēmérēs	τοῖν ἡμέραιν toîn hēmérain	τῶν ἡμερέων / ἡμερῶν tôn hēmeréōn / hēmerôn
Dative	τῇ ἡμέρῃ têi hēmérēi	τοῖν ἡμέραιν toîn hēmérain	τῇσῐ / τῇσῐν ἡμέρῃσῐ / ἡμέρῃσῐν têisi(n) hēmérēisi(n)
Accusative	τὴν ἡμέρην tḕn hēmérēn	τὼ ἡμέρᾱ tṑ hēmérā	τᾱ̀ς ἡμέρᾱς tā̀s hēmérās
Vocative	ἡμέρη hēmérē	ἡμέρᾱ hēmérā	ἡμέραι hēmérai
Notes:	Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms may be based on conjecture. Use with caution.

First declension of ᾱ̔ ᾱ̓μέρᾱ; τᾶς ᾱ̓μέρᾱς (Doric)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ᾱ̔ ᾱ̓μέρᾱ hā āmérā	τὼ ᾱ̓μέρᾱ tṑ āmérā	ταὶ ᾱ̓μέραι taì āmérai
Genitive	τᾶς ᾱ̓μέρᾱς tâs āmérās	τοῖν ᾱ̓μέραιν toîn āmérain	τᾶν ᾱ̓μερᾶν tân āmerân
Dative	τᾷ ᾱ̓μέρᾳ tâi āmérāi	τοῖν ᾱ̓μέραιν toîn āmérain	ταῖς ᾱ̓μέραις taîs āmérais
Accusative	τᾱ̀ν ᾱ̓μέρᾱν tā̀n āmérān	τὼ ᾱ̓μέρᾱ tṑ āmérā	τᾱ̀ς ᾱ̓μέρᾱς tā̀s āmérās
Vocative	ᾱ̓μέρᾱ āmérā	ᾱ̓μέρᾱ āmérā	ᾱ̓μέραι āmérai
Notes:	Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms may be based on conjecture. Use with caution.

Derived terms

• αὐθήμερος (authḗmeros)
• διημερεύω (diēmereúō)
• εὐημερέω (euēmeréō)
• εὐημέρημα (euēmérēma)
• εὐημερία (euēmería)
• εὐήμερος (euḗmeros)
• ἐφημέριος (ephēmérios)
• ἐφημερίς (ephēmerís)
• ἐφήμερος (ephḗmeros)
• ἡμερήσιος (hēmerḗsios)
• ἡμερία (hēmería)
• ἡμερινός (hēmerinós)
• ἡμεροδρόμος (hēmerodrómos)
• ἡμεροκαλλές (hēmerokallés)
• ἡμερόσκοπος (hēmeróskopos)
• ἰσημερία (isēmería)
• ἰσημερινός (isēmerinós)
• καθημέριος (kathēmérios)
• μεθημερινός (methēmerinós)
• ὁσημέραι (hosēmérai)
• πανημέριος (panēmérios)
• σήμερον (sḗmeron)
• συνδιημερεύω (sundiēmereúō)
• συνημερεύω (sunēmereúō)
• τριακονθήμερος (triakonthḗmeros)
• ὑπερημερία (huperēmería)
• ὑπερήμερος (huperḗmeros)

 

Descendants

• Greek: ημέρα (iméra)
• Tsakonian: αμέρα (améra)

References

• “ἡμέρα”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “ἡμέρα”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
• ἡμέρα in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
• Bauer, Walter et al. (2001) A Greek–English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, Third edition, Chicago: University of Chicago Press
• G2250 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
• Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎^[1], London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
  • anniversary idem, page 30.
  • date idem, page 196.
  • day idem, page 197.
  • morning idem, page 541.
  • time idem, page 875.
• Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN