ἦμαρ

Ancient Greek

Alternative forms

• ἆμᾰρ (âmăr) — Doric, Arcadocypriot

Etymology

From Proto-Hellenic *ā́mər (whence Mycenaean Greek 𐀀𐀗𐀨𐀔 (a-mo-ra-ma /⁠āmōr-āmar⁠/, “day after day”)), from Proto-Indo-European *Héh₂mr̥ ~ *Héh₂mōr (“day”). Cognate with Old Armenian աւր (awr, “day”).

For the semantic shift, compare possibly the family of Proto-Germanic *dagaz.

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /ɛ̂ː.mar/ → /ˈi.mar/ → /ˈi.mar/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /ɛ̂ː.mar/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ˈe̝.mar/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ˈi.mar/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ˈi.mar/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ˈi.mar/

Noun

ἦμᾰρ • (êmăr) n (genitive ἤμᾰτος); third declension

1. day
2. (accusative singular, as adverb) by day
3. (μέσον) midday
4. (δείελον) evening
5. (ἤματι χειμερίῳ) on winter's day

Declension

Third declension of ἦμᾰρ; ἤμᾰτος (Epic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ἦμᾰρ êmăr	ἤμᾰτε ḗmăte	ἤμᾰτᾰ ḗmătă
Genitive	ἤμᾰτος ḗmătos	ἠμᾰ́τοιῐ̈ν ēmắtoiĭ̈n	ἠμᾰ́των ēmắtōn
Dative	ἤμᾰτῐ ḗmătĭ	ἠμᾰ́τοιῐ̈ν ēmắtoiĭ̈n	ἤμᾰσῐ / ἤμᾰσῐν / ἠμᾰ́τεσῐ / ἠμᾰ́τεσῐν / ἠμᾰ́τεσσῐ / ἠμᾰ́τεσσῐν ḗmăsĭ(n) / ēmắtesĭ(n) / ēmắtessĭ(n)
Accusative	ἦμᾰρ êmăr	ἤμᾰτε ḗmăte	ἤμᾰτᾰ ḗmătă
Vocative	ἦμᾰρ êmăr	ἤμᾰτε ḗmăte	ἤμᾰτᾰ ḗmătă
Notes:	Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms may be based on conjecture. Use with caution.

Synonyms

• ἡμέρᾱ (hēmérā)

Derived terms

• ἐννῆμαρ (ennêmar)
• ἑξῆμαρ (hexêmar)
• ἡμέρᾱ (hēmérā)

Descendants

• Greek: ημέρα (iméra)
• Tsakonian: αμέρα (améra)
• →? Albanian: zëmër

Further reading

• “ἦμαρ”, in Liddell & Scott (1940), A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• ἦμαρ in Bailly, Anatole (1935), Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
• ἦμαρ in Pape, Wilhelm (1914), Max Sengebusch, editor, Handwörterbuch der griechischen Sprache‎^[1] (in German), 3rd edition, Braunschweig: Friedrich Vieweg und Sohn
• ἦμαρ in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924), A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
• “ἦμαρ”, in Slater, William J. (1969), Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
• “ἦμαρ”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891), A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
• “ἦμαρ”, in Liddell & Scott (1889), An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
• Woodhouse, S. C. (1910), English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎^[2], London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
  • day idem, page 197.
  • morning idem, page 541.
• ἦμαρ, in ΛΟΓΕΙΟΝ [Logeion] Dictionaries for Ancient Greek and Latin (in English, French, Spanish, German, Dutch and Chinese), University of Chicago, since 2011