泳ぐ
Japanese
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 泳 |
| およ Grade: 3 |
| kun'yomi |
Etymology
Likely from Old Japanese, from Proto-Japonic *əyənku. Included in The Tale of Genji from the late 900s or early 1000s. Listed in sources with a note that this may have been pronounced originally as oyoku,[1][2][3] however, cognates among the Ryūkyūan languages would seem to support a voiced /ɡ/ as the final consonant. Compare Kunigami 泳じゅん (uijun), Okinawan 泳じゅん (qwiijun).
Pronunciation
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- Tokyo pitch accent of conjugated forms of "泳ぐ"
| Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary | |||
| Stem forms | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Terminal (終止形) Attributive (連体形) |
泳ぐ | およぐ | [òyóꜜgù] |
| Imperative (命令形) | 泳げ | およげ | [òyóꜜgè] |
| Key constructions | |||
| Passive | 泳がれる | およがれる | [òyógáréꜜrù] |
| Causative | 泳がせる | およがせる | [òyógáséꜜrù] |
| Potential | 泳げる | およげる | [òyógéꜜrù] |
| Volitional | 泳ごう | およごー | [òyógóꜜò] |
| Negative | 泳がない | およがない | [òyógáꜜnàì] |
| Negative perfective | 泳がなかった | およがなかった | [òyógáꜜnàkàttà] |
| Formal | 泳ぎます | およぎます | [òyógímáꜜsù] |
| Perfective | 泳いだ | およいだ | [òyóꜜìdà] |
| Conjunctive | 泳いで | およいで | [òyóꜜìdè] |
| Hypothetical conditional | 泳げば | およげば | [òyóꜜgèbà] |
Alternative forms
Verb
泳ぐ • (oyogu) intransitive godan (stem 泳ぎ (oyogi), past 泳いだ (oyoida))
- to swim
- 昨日、私はジムで５キロ泳ぎました。
- Kinō, watashi wa jimu de go kiro oyogimashita.
- Yesterday I swam 5 kilometers at the gym.
- ここで泳げる。
- Koko de oyogeru.
- We can swim here.
- 泳ぐことができない。
- Oyogu koto ga dekinai.
- I cannot swim.
- 昨日、私はジムで５キロ泳ぎました。
Conjugation
Conjugation of "泳ぐ" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
| Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 泳が | およが | oyoga |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 泳ぎ | およぎ | oyogi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 泳ぐ | およぐ | oyogu |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 泳ぐ | およぐ | oyogu |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 泳げ | およげ | oyoge |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 泳げ | およげ | oyoge |
| Key constructions | |||
| Passive | 泳がれる | およがれる | oyogareru |
| Causative | 泳がせる 泳がす |
およがせる およがす |
oyogaseru oyogasu |
| Potential | 泳げる | およげる | oyogeru |
| Volitional | 泳ごう | およごう | oyogō |
| Negative | 泳がない | およがない | oyoganai |
| Negative continuative | 泳がず | およがず | oyogazu |
| Formal | 泳ぎます | およぎます | oyogimasu |
| Perfective | 泳いだ | およいだ | oyoida |
| Conjunctive | 泳いで | およいで | oyoide |
| Hypothetical conditional | 泳げば | およげば | oyogeba |
Derived terms
Derived terms
- 蛙泳ぎ (kaeru oyogi): “frog swimming” → breaststroke
- 平泳ぎ (hira oyogi): “flat swimming” → breaststroke
- 背泳ぎ (se oyogi): “back swimming” → backstroke
- 横泳ぎ (yoko oyogi): “sideways swimming” → sidestroke
- 立ち泳ぎ (tachi oyogi): “standing swimming” → treading water
Idioms
Idioms
- 時流に乗って泳ぐ (jiryū ni notte oyogu): “to swim, riding on the current of the times” → to go with the flow
- 人波を泳ぐ (hitonami o oyogu): “to swim the surging crowd” → to wade through a crowd
Synonyms
See also
References
- ^ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
- ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ^ Matsumura, Akira (1995) 大辞泉 [Daijisen] (in Japanese), First edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN
Categories:
- Japanese terms spelled with 泳 read as およ
- Japanese terms read with kun'yomi
- Japanese terms inherited from Old Japanese
- Japanese terms derived from Old Japanese
- Japanese terms inherited from Proto-Japonic
- Japanese terms derived from Proto-Japonic
- Japanese lemmas
- Japanese verbs
- Japanese intransitive verbs
- Japanese type 1 verbs
- Japanese terms spelled with third grade kanji
- Japanese terms with 1 kanji
- Japanese terms with usage examples
- Japanese basic words