개화하다

Korean

Etymology

From 개화(開化) (gaehwa, “enlightenment, civilisation”) +‎ 하다 (-hada, “to do”, light verb deriving active verbs).

Pronunciation

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [kɛβwa̠ɦa̠da̠] ~ [ke̞βwa̠ɦa̠da̠]
• Phonetic hangul: [개화하다/게화하다]

Romanizations
Revised Romanization?	gaehwahada
Revised Romanization (translit.)?	gaehwahada
McCune–Reischauer?	kaehwahada
Yale Romanization?	kayhwahata

Verb

개화하다 • (gaehwahada) (infinitive 개화해 or 개화하여, sequential 개화하니)

1. (transitive) to civilise, enlighten

Conjugation

    Selected forms of the verb 개화하다 (gaehwahada): vowel-stem, 하(ha)-irregular

Sentence-final forms
		Formal non-polite (해라체)	Informal non-polite (해체)	Informal polite (해요체)	Formal polite (하십시오체)
Indicative	Non-past	개화한다 gaehwahanda	개화해 gaehwahae	개화해요 gaehwahaeyo	개화합니다 gaehwahamnida
	Past	개화했다 gaehwahaetda	개화했어 gaehwahaesseo	개화했어요 gaehwahaesseoyo	개화했습니다 gaehwahaetseumnida
Interrogative	Non-past	개화하느냐 gaehwahaneunya	개화해 gaehwahae	개화해요 gaehwahaeyo	개화합니까 gaehwahamnikka
	Past	개화했느냐 gaehwahaenneunya	개화했어 gaehwahaesseo	개화했어요 gaehwahaesseoyo	개화했습니까 gaehwahaetseumnikka
Hortative		개화하자 gaehwahaja	개화해 gaehwahae	개화해요 gaehwahaeyo	개화하십시다 gaehwahasipsida
Imperative		개화해라, 개화하여라 gaehwahaera, gaehwahayeora	개화해 gaehwahae	개화해요 gaehwahaeyo	개화합시오 gaehwahapsio
Assertive		개화하겠다 gaehwahagetda	개화하겠어 gaehwahagesseo	개화하겠어요 gaehwahagesseoyo	개화하겠습니다 gaehwahagetseumnida
Connective forms
Cause/Reason		개화해 gaehwahae	개화해서, 개화하여서 gaehwahaeseo, gaehwahayeoseo	개화하니 gaehwahani	개화하니까 gaehwahanikka
Contrast		개화하지만 gaehwahajiman	개화하는데 gaehwahaneunde	개화하더니 gaehwahadeoni
Conjunction		개화하고 gaehwahago
Condition		개화하면 gaehwahamyeon	개화해야, 개화하여야 gaehwahaeya, gaehwahayeoya
Motive		개화하려고 gaehwaharyeogo
Noun and determiner forms
Verbal nouns		개화함 gaehwaham	개화하기 gaehwahagi
Past-tense verbal nouns		개화했음, 개화하였음 gaehwahaesseum, gaehwahayeosseum	개화했기, 개화하였기 gaehwahaetgi, gaehwahayeotgi
Determiners	Past	개화한 gaehwahan
	Present	개화하는 gaehwahaneun
	Future	개화할 gaehwahal

Sentence-final forms with honorific
		Formal non-polite (해라체)	Informal non-polite (해체)	Informal polite (해요체)	Formal polite (하십시오체)
Indicative	Non-past	개화하신다 gaehwahasinda	개화하셔 gaehwahasyeo	개화하세요, 개화하셔요 gaehwahaseyo, gaehwahasyeoyo	개화하십니다 gaehwahasimnida
	Past	개화하셨다 gaehwahasyeotda	개화하셨어 gaehwahasyeosseo	개화하셨어요 gaehwahasyeosseoyo	개화하셨습니다 gaehwahasyeotseumnida
Interrogative	Non-past	개화하시느냐 gaehwahasineunya	개화하셔 gaehwahasyeo	개화하세요, 개화하셔요 gaehwahaseyo, gaehwahasyeoyo	개화하십니까 gaehwahasimnikka
	Past	개화하셨느냐 gaehwahasyeonneunya	개화하셨어 gaehwahasyeosseo	개화하셨어요 gaehwahasyeosseoyo	개화하셨습니까 gaehwahasyeotseumnikka
Imperative		개화하시라 gaehwahasira	개화하셔 gaehwahasyeo	개화하세요 gaehwahaseyo	개화하십시오 gaehwahasipsio
Assertive		개화하시겠다 gaehwahasigetda	개화하시겠어 gaehwahasigesseo	개화하시겠어요 gaehwahasigesseoyo	개화하시겠습니다 gaehwahasigetseumnida
Connective forms with honorific
Cause/Reason		개화하셔 gaehwahasyeo	개화하셔서 gaehwahasyeoseo	개화하시니 gaehwahasini	개화하시니까 gaehwahasinikka
Contrast		개화하시지만 gaehwahasijiman	개화하시는데 gaehwahasineunde	개화하시더니 gaehwahasideoni
Conjunction		개화하시고 gaehwahasigo
Condition		개화하시면 gaehwahasimyeon	개화하셔야 gaehwahasyeoya
Motive		개화하시려고 gaehwahasiryeogo
Noun and determiner forms with honorific
Verbal nouns		개화하심 gaehwahasim	개화하시기 gaehwahasigi
Past-tense verbal nouns		개화하셨음 gaehwahasyeosseum	개화하셨기 gaehwahasyeotgi
Determiners	Past	개화하신 gaehwahasin
	Present	개화하시는 gaehwahasineun
	Future	개화하실 gaehwahasil

See also

• 개화(開化)되다 (gaehwadoeda, “to be enlightened, civilized”)