거르다

Korean

Etymology

First attested in the Gugeupbang eonhae (救急方諺解 / 구급방언해), 1466, as Middle Korean 거르다 (Yale: keluta).

Pronunciation

(SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [kʌ̹ɾɯda̠]
Phonetic hangul: [거르다]

Romanizations
Revised Romanization^?	georeuda
Revised Romanization (translit.)^?	geoleuda
McCune–Reischauer^?	kŏrŭda
Yale Romanization^?	keluta

Verb

Ablaut/harmonic pair
Yin-form	거르다 (georeuda)
Yang-form	가르다 (gareuda)

거르다 • (georeuda) (infinitive 걸러, sequential 거르니)

to sift out, to filter out
to strain
(a meal, a turn): to skip, miss

Conjugation

Selected forms of the verb 거르다 (georeuda): vowel-stem, 르(reu)-irregular

Sentence-final forms
		Formal non-polite (해라체)	Informal non-polite (해체)	Informal polite (해요체)	Formal polite (하십시오체)
Indicative	Non-past	거른다 georeunda	걸러 geolleo	걸러요 geolleoyo	거릅니다 georeumnida
Indicative	Past	걸렀다 geolleotda	걸렀어 geolleosseo	걸렀어요 geolleosseoyo	걸렀습니다 geolleotseumnida
Interrogative	Non-past	거르느냐 georeuneunya	걸러 geolleo	걸러요 geolleoyo	거릅니까 georeumnikka
Interrogative	Past	걸렀느냐 geolleonneunya	걸렀어 geolleosseo	걸렀어요 geolleosseoyo	걸렀습니까 geolleotseumnikka
Hortative		거르자 georeuja	걸러 geolleo	걸러요 geolleoyo	거르십시다 georeusipsida
Imperative		걸러라 geolleora	걸러 geolleo	걸러요 geolleoyo	거릅시오 georeupsio
Assertive		거르겠다 georeugetda	거르겠어 georeugesseo	거르겠어요 georeugesseoyo	거르겠습니다 georeugetseumnida
Connective forms
Cause/Reason		걸러 geolleo	걸러서 geolleoseo	거르니 georeuni	거르니까 georeunikka
Contrast		거르지만 georeujiman	거르는데 georeuneunde	거르더니 georeudeoni
Conjunction		거르고 georeugo
Condition		거르면 georeumyeon	걸러야 geolleoya
Motive		거르려고 georeuryeogo
Noun and determiner forms
Verbal nouns		거름 georeum	거르기 georeugi
Past-tense verbal nouns		걸렀음 geolleosseum	걸렀기 geolleotgi
Determiners	Past	거른 georeun
	Present	거르는 georeuneun
	Future	거를 georeul

Sentence-final forms with honorific
		Formal non-polite (해라체)	Informal non-polite (해체)	Informal polite (해요체)	Formal polite (하십시오체)
Indicative	Non-past	거르신다 georeusinda	거르셔 georeusyeo	거르세요, 거르셔요 georeuseyo, georeusyeoyo	거르십니다 georeusimnida
Indicative	Past	거르셨다 georeusyeotda	거르셨어 georeusyeosseo	거르셨어요 georeusyeosseoyo	거르셨습니다 georeusyeotseumnida
Interrogative	Non-past	거르시느냐 georeusineunya	거르셔 georeusyeo	거르세요, 거르셔요 georeuseyo, georeusyeoyo	거르십니까 georeusimnikka
Interrogative	Past	거르셨느냐 georeusyeonneunya	거르셨어 georeusyeosseo	거르셨어요 georeusyeosseoyo	거르셨습니까 georeusyeotseumnikka
Imperative		거르시라 georeusira	거르셔 georeusyeo	거르세요 georeuseyo	거르십시오 georeusipsio
Assertive		거르시겠다 georeusigetda	거르시겠어 georeusigesseo	거르시겠어요 georeusigesseoyo	거르시겠습니다 georeusigetseumnida
Connective forms with honorific
Cause/Reason		거르셔 georeusyeo	거르셔서 georeusyeoseo	거르시니 georeusini	거르시니까 georeusinikka
Contrast		거르시지만 georeusijiman	거르시는데 georeusineunde	거르시더니 georeusideoni
Conjunction		거르시고 georeusigo
Condition		거르시면 georeusimyeon	거르셔야 georeusyeoya
Motive		거르시려고 georeusiryeogo
Noun and determiner forms with honorific
Verbal nouns		거르심 georeusim	거르시기 georeusigi
Past-tense verbal nouns		거르셨음 georeusyeosseum	거르셨기 georeusyeotgi
Determiners	Past	거르신 georeusin
	Present	거르시는 georeusineun
	Future	거르실 georeusil

Derived terms

거르기 (georeugi, “filtration”)
거르개 (georeugae, “filter”)

References

National Institute of the Korean Language (Naver.com mirror) (2 March 2017 (last accessed)), “거르다 [georeuda]”, in 표준국어대사전 [pyojun'gugeodaesajeon]‎^[1]

Middle Korean

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

(Morphophonemic) IPA^(key): ⫽kɘ̀lɨ̀-tá⫽

Verb

거르다〮 (kèlùtá) (infinitive 걸어〮, sequential 거르니〮)

to filter
- 1481, 두시언해 [dusieonhae], volume 10, translation of original in Classical Chinese, page 5a:
  오직 옷가ᄉᆞᆷ 헤혐호ᄆᆞᆯ 니기 ᄒᆞ고 샤ᇰ녜 술 거르ᄂᆞᆫ 사ᄅᆞᄆᆞᆯ 좃노라.
  Wocik woskasom heyhyemh-wom-ol nik-i ho-kwo syangnyey swul kelu-non salom-ol cwos-nwola.
  [original: 只作披衣慣常從漉酒生]
  I accustom myself to not bothering to adjust my shirt, and always follow people who filter alcohol.
to sift
- 1466, 구급방언해 하 [gugeupbang'eonhae ha], translation of original in Classical Chinese, page 20b:
  川大黃(쳔대화ᇰ) ᄒᆞᆫ 分(분)을 사ᄒᆞ라 ᄇᆞᇫ아 져기 봇가 디허 걸어 ᄀᆞᄅᆞ ᄆᆡᇰᄀᆞᆯ오
  CHYEN.TAY.HWANG hon PWUN-ul sahol-a pozG-a cyeki pwosk-a tih-e kelG-e kolo moyngkol-Gwo
  [original: 川大黃一分剉碎微炒擣羅爲末]
  Chop up and break up a candareen of cheondaehwang and lightly roast it and pound it, sift it and make it into powder,
to skip (a period of time)
- 1573, 내훈 [naehun], volume 1, translation of original in Classical Chinese, page 65a:
  ᄃᆞᆯ 걸어 禫祭(담졔)ᄒᆞ고 禫祭(담졔)코 ᄃᆞᆫ수를 먹더니 처ᅀᅥᆷ 술 머그리 몬져 ᄃᆞᆫ수를 먹고,
  Tol kelG-e TAM.CYEYho-kwo TAM.CYEYkhwo tonswul-ul mek-teni chezem swul meku-li mwoncye tonswul-ul mek-kwo,
  [original: 中月而禫ᄒᆞ고 禫而飮醴酒ᄒᆞ더니 始飮酒者ᅟᅵ 先飮醴酒ᄒᆞ고]
  Skipping a month, they held the damje ritual, and after the ritual, they drank the sweetened alcohol, and the first person to drink it first drank the sweetened alcohol,

Descendants

Korean: 거르다 (georeuda)