낡다

Korean

Etymology

First attested in the Worin cheon'gangjigok (月印千江之曲 / 월인천강지곡), 1449, as Middle Korean ᄂᆞᆰ다 (Yale: nolkta).

Pronunciation

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [na̠k̚t͈a̠]
• Phonetic hangul: [낙따]

Romanizations
Revised Romanization?	nakda
Revised Romanization (translit.)?	nalgda
McCune–Reischauer?	nakta
Yale Romanization?	nalkta

Adjective

낡다 • (nakda) (infinitive 낡아, sequential 낡으니)

1. (of a thing) old; worn out

Conjugation

    Selected forms of the adjective 낡다 (nakda): consonant-stem, regular

Sentence-final forms
		Formal non-polite (해라체)	Informal non-polite (해체)	Informal polite (해요체)	Formal polite (하십시오체)
Indicative	Non-past	낡다 nakda	낡아 nalga	낡아요 nalgayo	낡습니다 nakseumnida
	Past	낡았다 nalgatda	낡았어 nalgasseo	낡았어요 nalgasseoyo	낡았습니다 nalgatseumnida
Interrogative	Non-past	낡으냐 nalgeunya	낡아 nalga	낡아요 nalgayo	낡습니까 nakseumnikka
	Past	낡았냐 nalgannya	낡았어 nalgasseo	낡았어요 nalgasseoyo	낡았습니까 nalgatseumnikka
Assertive		낡겠다 nalgetda	낡겠어 nalgesseo	낡겠어요 nalgesseoyo	낡겠습니다 nalgetseumnida
Connective forms
Cause/Reason		낡아 nalga	낡아서 nalgaseo	낡으니 nalgeuni	낡으니까 nalgeunikka
Contrast		낡지만 nakjiman	낡은데 nalgeunde	낡더니 nakdeoni
Conjunction		낡고 nalgo
Condition		낡으면 nalgeumyeon	낡아야 nalgaya
Noun and determiner forms
Verbal nouns		낡음 nalgeum	낡기 nalgi
Past-tense verbal nouns		낡았음 nalgasseum	낡았기 nalgatgi
Determiners	Present		낡은 nalgeun
	Future		낡을 nalgeul

Sentence-final forms with honorific
		Plain (해라체)	Informal (해체)	Polite (해요체)	Formal (하십시오체)
Indicative	Non-past	낡으시다 nalgeusida	낡으셔 nalgeusyeo	낡으세요, 낡으셔요 nalgeuseyo, nalgeusyeoyo	낡으십니다 nalgeusimnida
	Past	낡으셨다 nalgeusyeotda	낡으셨어 nalgeusyeosseo	낡으셨어요 nalgeusyeosseoyo	낡으셨습니다 nalgeusyeotseumnida
Interrogative	Non-past	낡으시냐 nalgeusinya	낡으셔 nalgeusyeo	낡으세요, 낡으셔요 nalgeuseyo, nalgeusyeoyo	낡으십니까 nalgeusimnikka
	Past	낡으셨냐 nalgeusyeonnya	낡으셨어 nalgeusyeosseo	낡으셨어요 nalgeusyeosseoyo	낡으셨습니까 nalgeusyeotseumnikka
Assertive		낡으시겠다 nalgeusigetda	낡으시겠어 nalgeusigesseo	낡으시겠어요 nalgeusigesseoyo	낡으시겠습니다 nalgeusigetseumnida
Connective forms with honorific
Cause/Reason		낡으셔 nalgeusyeo	낡으셔서 nalgeusyeoseo	낡으시니 nalgeusini	낡으시니까 nalgeusinikka
Contrast		낡으시지만 nalgeusijiman	낡으신데 nalgeusinde	낡으시더니 nalgeusideoni
Conjunction		낡으시고 nalgeusigo
Condition		낡으시면 nalgeusimyeon	낡으셔야 nalgeusyeoya
Noun and determiner forms with honorific
Verbal nouns		낡으심 nalgeusim	낡으시기 nalgeusigi
Past-tense verbal nouns		낡으셨음 nalgeusyeosseum	낡으셨기 nalgeusyeotgi
Determiners	Present		낡으신 nalgeusin
	Future		낡으실 nalgeusil

Related terms

• Ablaut form: 늙다 (neukda)