덥다
Korean
Etymology
First attested in the Worin seokbo (月印釋譜 / 월인석보), 1459, as Middle Korean 덥다 (Yale: tepta). Possible cognates include Manchu ᡨᡠᠸᠠ (tuwa, “fire”), and Japanese 灯す (tomosu, “to light”).
Pronunciation
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [ˈtɘ(ː)p̚t͈a̠]
- Phonetic hangul: [덥(ː)따]
- Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.
| Romanizations | |
|---|---|
| Revised Romanization? | deopda |
| Revised Romanization (translit.)? | deobda |
| McCune–Reischauer? | tŏpta |
| Yale Romanization? | tēpta |
Adjective
덥다 • (deopda) (irregular, infinitive 더워, sequential 더우니)
Conjugation
| Sentence-final forms | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Formal non-polite (해라체) |
Informal non-polite (해체) |
Informal polite (해요체) |
Formal polite (하십시오체) | ||
| Indicative | Non-past | 덥다 deopda |
더워 deowo |
더워요 deowoyo |
덥습니다 deopseumnida |
| Past | 더웠다 deowotda |
더웠어 deowosseo |
더웠어요 deowosseoyo |
더웠습니다 deowotseumnida | |
| Interrogative | Non-past | 더우냐 deounya |
더워 deowo |
더워요 deowoyo |
덥습니까 deopseumnikka |
| Past | 더웠냐 deowonnya |
더웠어 deowosseo |
더웠어요 deowosseoyo |
더웠습니까 deowotseumnikka | |
| Assertive | 덥겠다 deopgetda |
덥겠어 deopgesseo |
덥겠어요 deopgesseoyo |
덥겠습니다 deopgetseumnida | |
| Connective forms | |||||
| Cause/Reason | 더워 deowo |
더워서 deowoseo |
더우니 deouni |
더우니까 deounikka | |
| Contrast | 덥지만 deopjiman |
더운데 deounde |
덥더니 deopdeoni |
||
| Conjunction | 덥고 deopgo |
||||
| Condition | 더우면 deoumyeon |
더워야 deowoya |
|||
| Noun and determiner forms | |||||
| Verbal nouns | 더움 deoum |
덥기 deopgi | |||
| Past-tense verbal nouns | 더웠음 deowosseum |
더웠기 deowotgi | |||
| Determiners | Present | 더운 deoun | |||
| Future | 더울 deoul | ||||
| Sentence-final forms with honorific | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Plain (해라체) | Informal (해체) | Polite (해요체) | Formal (하십시오체) | ||
| Indicative | Non-past | 더우시다 deousida |
더우셔 deousyeo |
더우세요, 더우셔요 deouseyo, deousyeoyo |
더우십니다 deousimnida |
| Past | 더우셨다 deousyeotda |
더우셨어 deousyeosseo |
더우셨어요 deousyeosseoyo |
더우셨습니다 deousyeotseumnida | |
| Interrogative | Non-past | 더우시냐 deousinya |
더우셔 deousyeo |
더우세요, 더우셔요 deouseyo, deousyeoyo |
더우십니까 deousimnikka |
| Past | 더우셨냐 deousyeonnya |
더우셨어 deousyeosseo |
더우셨어요 deousyeosseoyo |
더우셨습니까 deousyeotseumnikka | |
| Assertive | 더우시겠다 deousigetda |
더우시겠어 deousigesseo |
더우시겠어요 deousigesseoyo |
더우시겠습니다 deousigetseumnida | |
| Connective forms with honorific | |||||
| Cause/Reason | 더우셔 deousyeo |
더우셔서 deousyeoseo |
더우시니 deousini |
더우시니까 deousinikka | |
| Contrast | 더우시지만 deousijiman |
더우신데 deousinde |
더우시더니 deousideoni |
||
| Conjunction | 더우시고 deousigo |
||||
| Condition | 더우시면 deousimyeon |
더우셔야 deousyeoya |
|||
| Noun and determiner forms with honorific | |||||
| Verbal nouns | 더우심 deousim |
더우시기 deousigi | |||
| Past-tense verbal nouns | 더우셨음 deousyeosseum |
더우셨기 deousyeotgi | |||
| Determiners | Present | 더우신 deousin | |||
| Future | 더우실 deousil | ||||
Synonyms
Antonyms
- 춥다 (chupda, “to be cold”)