북돋우다
Korean
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]- (abbreviation) 북돋다 (bukdotda)
Etymology
[edit]First attested in the Jeongsok eonhae (正俗諺解 / 정속언해 (of 李源周敎授本 / 이원주 교수본)), 1518, as Middle Korean 붓도도다 (Yale: pwus.twotwota). Equivalent to 북 (buk, “soil that covers roots”) + 돋우다 (doduda, “to raise”).
Pronunciation
[edit]- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [puk̚t͈o̞duda̠]
- Phonetic hangul: [북또두다]
| Romanizations | |
|---|---|
| Revised Romanization? | bukdoduda |
| Revised Romanization (translit.)? | bugdod'uda |
| McCune–Reischauer? | puktoduda |
| Yale Romanization? | puktot.wuta |
Verb
[edit]북돋우다 • (bukdoduda) (infinitive 북돋워, sequential 북돋우니)
- (transitive) to earth up (plant)
- (transitive, figurative) to encourage, to excite, to cheer up
Conjugation
[edit] Selected forms of the verb 북돋우다 (bukdoduda): vowel-stem, regular
| Sentence-final forms | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Formal non-polite (해라체) |
Informal non-polite (해체) |
Informal polite (해요체) |
Formal polite (하십시오체) | ||
| Indicative | Non-past | 북돋운다 bukdodunda |
북돋워 bukdodwo |
북돋워요 bukdodwoyo |
북돋웁니다 bukdodumnida |
| Past | 북돋웠다 bukdodwotda |
북돋웠어 bukdodwosseo |
북돋웠어요 bukdodwosseoyo |
북돋웠습니다 bukdodwotseumnida | |
| Interrogative | Non-past | 북돋우느냐 bukdoduneunya |
북돋워 bukdodwo |
북돋워요 bukdodwoyo |
북돋웁니까 bukdodumnikka |
| Past | 북돋웠느냐 bukdodwonneunya |
북돋웠어 bukdodwosseo |
북돋웠어요 bukdodwosseoyo |
북돋웠습니까 bukdodwotseumnikka | |
| Hortative | 북돋우자 bukdoduja |
북돋워 bukdodwo |
북돋워요 bukdodwoyo |
북돋우십시다 bukdodusipsida | |
| Imperative | 북돋워라 bukdodwora |
북돋워 bukdodwo |
북돋워요 bukdodwoyo |
북돋웁시오 bukdodupsio | |
| Assertive | 북돋우겠다 bukdodugetda |
북돋우겠어 bukdodugesseo |
북돋우겠어요 bukdodugesseoyo |
북돋우겠습니다 bukdodugetseumnida | |
| Connective forms | |||||
| Cause/Reason | 북돋워 bukdodwo |
북돋워서 bukdodwoseo |
북돋우니 bukdoduni |
북돋우니까 bukdodunikka | |
| Contrast | 북돋우지만 bukdodujiman |
북돋우는데 bukdoduneunde |
북돋우더니 bukdodudeoni |
||
| Conjunction | 북돋우고 bukdodugo |
||||
| Condition | 북돋우면 bukdodumyeon |
북돋워야 bukdodwoya |
|||
| Motive | 북돋우려고 bukdoduryeogo |
||||
| Noun and determiner forms | |||||
| Verbal nouns | 북돋움 bukdodum |
북돋우기 bukdodugi | |||
| Past-tense verbal nouns | 북돋웠음 bukdodwosseum |
북돋웠기 bukdodwotgi | |||
| Determiners | Past | 북돋운 bukdodun | |||
| Present | 북돋우는 bukdoduneun | ||||
| Future | 북돋울 bukdodul | ||||
| Sentence-final forms with honorific | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Formal non-polite (해라체) |
Informal non-polite (해체) |
Informal polite (해요체) |
Formal polite (하십시오체) | ||
| Indicative | Non-past | 북돋우신다 bukdodusinda |
북돋우셔 bukdodusyeo |
북돋우세요, 북돋우셔요 bukdoduseyo, bukdodusyeoyo |
북돋우십니다 bukdodusimnida |
| Past | 북돋우셨다 bukdodusyeotda |
북돋우셨어 bukdodusyeosseo |
북돋우셨어요 bukdodusyeosseoyo |
북돋우셨습니다 bukdodusyeotseumnida | |
| Interrogative | Non-past | 북돋우시느냐 bukdodusineunya |
북돋우셔 bukdodusyeo |
북돋우세요, 북돋우셔요 bukdoduseyo, bukdodusyeoyo |
북돋우십니까 bukdodusimnikka |
| Past | 북돋우셨느냐 bukdodusyeonneunya |
북돋우셨어 bukdodusyeosseo |
북돋우셨어요 bukdodusyeosseoyo |
북돋우셨습니까 bukdodusyeotseumnikka | |
| Imperative | 북돋우시라 bukdodusira |
북돋우셔 bukdodusyeo |
북돋우세요 bukdoduseyo |
북돋우십시오 bukdodusipsio | |
| Assertive | 북돋우시겠다 bukdodusigetda |
북돋우시겠어 bukdodusigesseo |
북돋우시겠어요 bukdodusigesseoyo |
북돋우시겠습니다 bukdodusigetseumnida | |
| Connective forms with honorific | |||||
| Cause/Reason | 북돋우셔 bukdodusyeo |
북돋우셔서 bukdodusyeoseo |
북돋우시니 bukdodusini |
북돋우시니까 bukdodusinikka | |
| Contrast | 북돋우시지만 bukdodusijiman |
북돋우시는데 bukdodusineunde |
북돋우시더니 bukdodusideoni |
||
| Conjunction | 북돋우시고 bukdodusigo |
||||
| Condition | 북돋우시면 bukdodusimyeon |
북돋우셔야 bukdodusyeoya |
|||
| Motive | 북돋우시려고 bukdodusiryeogo |
||||
| Noun and determiner forms with honorific | |||||
| Verbal nouns | 북돋우심 bukdodusim |
북돋우시기 bukdodusigi | |||
| Past-tense verbal nouns | 북돋우셨음 bukdodusyeosseum |
북돋우셨기 bukdodusyeotgi | |||
| Determiners | Past | 북돋우신 bukdodusin | |||
| Present | 북돋우시는 bukdodusineun | ||||
| Future | 북돋우실 bukdodusil | ||||