𐌱𐌹𐌰𐌱𐍂𐌾𐌰𐌽

Gothic

Etymology

From 𐌱𐌹- (bi-) +‎ 𐌰𐌱𐍂𐍃 (abrs, “severe, extreme”) +‎ -𐌾𐌰𐌽 (-jan).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /biˈabrjan/

Verb

𐌱𐌹𐌰𐌱𐍂𐌾𐌰𐌽 • (biabrjan)

1. to be astonished
   • 4th century C.E., Wulfila (attributed), Gothic Bible, Matthew 7:28:

     𐌾𐌰𐌷 𐍅𐌰𐍂𐌸, 𐌸𐌰𐌽 𐌿𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌿𐌷 𐌹𐌴𐍃𐌿𐍃 𐌸𐍉 𐍅𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌳𐌰, 𐌱𐌹𐌰𐌱𐍂𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿𐌽 𐌼𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌲𐌴𐌹𐌽𐍃 𐌰𐌽𐌰 𐌻𐌰𐌹𐍃𐌴𐌹𐌽𐌰𐌹 𐌹𐍃.

     jah warþ, þan ustauh iēsus þō waurda, biabridēdun manageins ana laiseinai is.

     And it came to pass, when Jesus had ended these sayings, the people were astonished at his doctrine: (KJV)

Conjugation

Class 1 weak
Infinitive	𐌱𐌹𐌰𐌱𐍂𐌾𐌰𐌽 biabrjan
Indicative	Present	Past	Present passive
1st singular	𐌱𐌹𐌰𐌱𐍂𐌾𐌰 biabrja	𐌱𐌹𐌰𐌱𐍂𐌹𐌳𐌰 biabrida	𐌱𐌹𐌰𐌱𐍂𐌾𐌰𐌳𐌰 biabrjada
2nd singular	𐌱𐌹𐌰𐌱𐍂𐌴𐌹𐍃 biabreis	𐌱𐌹𐌰𐌱𐍂𐌹𐌳𐌴𐍃 biabridēs	𐌱𐌹𐌰𐌱𐍂𐌾𐌰𐌶𐌰 biabrjaza
3rd singular	𐌱𐌹𐌰𐌱𐍂𐌴𐌹𐌸 biabreiþ	𐌱𐌹𐌰𐌱𐍂𐌹𐌳𐌰 biabrida	𐌱𐌹𐌰𐌱𐍂𐌾𐌰𐌳𐌰 biabrjada
1st dual	𐌱𐌹𐌰𐌱𐍂𐌾𐍉𐍃 biabrjōs	𐌱𐌹𐌰𐌱𐍂𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿 biabridēdu	—
2nd dual	𐌱𐌹𐌰𐌱𐍂𐌾𐌰𐍄𐍃 biabrjats	𐌱𐌹𐌰𐌱𐍂𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿𐍄𐍃 biabridēduts	—
1st plural	𐌱𐌹𐌰𐌱𐍂𐌾𐌰𐌼 biabrjam	𐌱𐌹𐌰𐌱𐍂𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿𐌼 biabridēdum	𐌱𐌹𐌰𐌱𐍂𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰 biabrjanda
2nd plural	𐌱𐌹𐌰𐌱𐍂𐌴𐌹𐌸 biabreiþ	𐌱𐌹𐌰𐌱𐍂𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿𐌸 biabridēduþ	𐌱𐌹𐌰𐌱𐍂𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰 biabrjanda
3rd plural	𐌱𐌹𐌰𐌱𐍂𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳 biabrjand	𐌱𐌹𐌰𐌱𐍂𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿𐌽 biabridēdun	𐌱𐌹𐌰𐌱𐍂𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰 biabrjanda
Subjunctive	Present	Past	Present passive
1st singular	𐌱𐌹𐌰𐌱𐍂𐌾𐌰𐌿 biabrjau	𐌱𐌹𐌰𐌱𐍂𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌿 biabridēdjau	𐌱𐌹𐌰𐌱𐍂𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌰𐌿 biabrjaidau
2nd singular	𐌱𐌹𐌰𐌱𐍂𐌾𐌰𐌹𐍃 biabrjais	𐌱𐌹𐌰𐌱𐍂𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐍃 biabridēdeis	𐌱𐌹𐌰𐌱𐍂𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌶𐌰𐌿 biabrjaizau
3rd singular	𐌱𐌹𐌰𐌱𐍂𐌾𐌰𐌹 biabrjai	𐌱𐌹𐌰𐌱𐍂𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌹 biabridēdi	𐌱𐌹𐌰𐌱𐍂𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌰𐌿 biabrjaidau
1st dual	𐌱𐌹𐌰𐌱𐍂𐌾𐌰𐌹𐍅𐌰 biabrjaiwa	𐌱𐌹𐌰𐌱𐍂𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐍅𐌰 biabridēdeiwa	—
2nd dual	𐌱𐌹𐌰𐌱𐍂𐌾𐌰𐌹𐍄𐍃 biabrjaits	𐌱𐌹𐌰𐌱𐍂𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐍄𐍃 biabridēdeits	—
1st plural	𐌱𐌹𐌰𐌱𐍂𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌼𐌰 biabrjaima	𐌱𐌹𐌰𐌱𐍂𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌼𐌰 biabridēdeima	𐌱𐌹𐌰𐌱𐍂𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿 biabrjaindau
2nd plural	𐌱𐌹𐌰𐌱𐍂𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌸 biabrjaiþ	𐌱𐌹𐌰𐌱𐍂𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌸 biabridēdeiþ	𐌱𐌹𐌰𐌱𐍂𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿 biabrjaindau
3rd plural	𐌱𐌹𐌰𐌱𐍂𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌰 biabrjaina	𐌱𐌹𐌰𐌱𐍂𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌽𐌰 biabridēdeina	𐌱𐌹𐌰𐌱𐍂𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿 biabrjaindau
Imperative
2nd singular	𐌱𐌹𐌰𐌱𐍂𐌴𐌹 biabrei
3rd singular	𐌱𐌹𐌰𐌱𐍂𐌾𐌰𐌳𐌰𐌿 biabrjadau
2nd dual	𐌱𐌹𐌰𐌱𐍂𐌾𐌰𐍄𐍃 biabrjats
2nd plural	𐌱𐌹𐌰𐌱𐍂𐌴𐌹𐌸 biabreiþ
3rd plural	𐌱𐌹𐌰𐌱𐍂𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿 biabrjandau
	Present	Past
Participles	𐌱𐌹𐌰𐌱𐍂𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍃 biabrjands	𐌱𐌹𐌰𐌱𐍂𐌹𐌸𐍃 biabriþs

Further reading

• Streitberg, Wilhelm (1910). Die gotische Bibel. Zweiter Teil: Gotisch-griechisch-deutsches Wörterbuch. Heidelberg: Carl Winter’s Universitätsbuchhandlung, p. 1