𐌲𐌰𐌺𐌰𐌿𐍃𐌾𐌰𐌽

Gothic

Etymology

𐌲𐌰- (ga-) +‎ 𐌺𐌰𐌿𐍃𐌾𐌰𐌽 (kausjan)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɡaˈkɔːsjan/

Verb

𐌲𐌰𐌺𐌰𐌿𐍃𐌾𐌰𐌽 • (gakausjan) (perfective)

1. (hapax) to prove
   • 2 Corinthians 8:22:

     𐌹𐌽𐍃𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿𐌼 𐌸𐌰𐌽 𐌼𐌹𐌸 𐌹𐌼 𐌱𐍂𐍉𐌸𐌰𐍂 𐌿𐌽𐍃𐌰𐍂𐌰𐌽𐌰 𐌸𐌰𐌽𐌴𐌹 𐌲𐌰𐌺𐌰𐌿𐍃𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿𐌼 𐌹𐌽 𐌼𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌲𐌰𐌹𐌼 𐌿𐍆𐍄𐌰 𐌿𐍃𐌳𐌰𐌿𐌳𐌰𐌽𐌰 𐍅𐌹𐍃𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌽, 𐌰𐌸𐌸𐌰𐌽 𐌽𐌿, 𐍃𐌰𐌹, 𐍆𐌹𐌻𐌿 𐌿𐍃𐌳𐌰𐌿𐌳𐍉𐌶𐌰𐌽 𐍄𐍂𐌰𐌿𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌰𐌹 𐌼𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌲𐌰𐌹 𐌹𐌽 𐌹𐌶𐍅𐌹𐍃;

     insandidēdum þan miþ im brōþar unsarana þanei gakausidēdum in managaim ufta usdaudana wisandan, aþþan nu, sai, filu usdaudōzan trauainai managai in izwis;

     And we have sent with them our brother, whom we have oftentimes proved diligent in many things, but now much more diligent, upon the great confidence which I have in you. (KJV)

Conjugation

Class 1 weak
Infinitive	𐌲𐌰𐌺𐌰𐌿𐍃𐌾𐌰𐌽 gakausjan
Indicative	Present	Past	Present passive
1st singular	𐌲𐌰𐌺𐌰𐌿𐍃𐌾𐌰 gakausja	𐌲𐌰𐌺𐌰𐌿𐍃𐌹𐌳𐌰 gakausida	𐌲𐌰𐌺𐌰𐌿𐍃𐌾𐌰𐌳𐌰 gakausjada
2nd singular	𐌲𐌰𐌺𐌰𐌿𐍃𐌴𐌹𐍃 gakauseis	𐌲𐌰𐌺𐌰𐌿𐍃𐌹𐌳𐌴𐍃 gakausidēs	𐌲𐌰𐌺𐌰𐌿𐍃𐌾𐌰𐌶𐌰 gakausjaza
3rd singular	𐌲𐌰𐌺𐌰𐌿𐍃𐌴𐌹𐌸 gakauseiþ	𐌲𐌰𐌺𐌰𐌿𐍃𐌹𐌳𐌰 gakausida	𐌲𐌰𐌺𐌰𐌿𐍃𐌾𐌰𐌳𐌰 gakausjada
1st dual	𐌲𐌰𐌺𐌰𐌿𐍃𐌾𐍉𐍃 gakausjōs	𐌲𐌰𐌺𐌰𐌿𐍃𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿 gakausidēdu	—
2nd dual	𐌲𐌰𐌺𐌰𐌿𐍃𐌾𐌰𐍄𐍃 gakausjats	𐌲𐌰𐌺𐌰𐌿𐍃𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿𐍄𐍃 gakausidēduts	—
1st plural	𐌲𐌰𐌺𐌰𐌿𐍃𐌾𐌰𐌼 gakausjam	𐌲𐌰𐌺𐌰𐌿𐍃𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿𐌼 gakausidēdum	𐌲𐌰𐌺𐌰𐌿𐍃𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰 gakausjanda
2nd plural	𐌲𐌰𐌺𐌰𐌿𐍃𐌴𐌹𐌸 gakauseiþ	𐌲𐌰𐌺𐌰𐌿𐍃𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿𐌸 gakausidēduþ	𐌲𐌰𐌺𐌰𐌿𐍃𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰 gakausjanda
3rd plural	𐌲𐌰𐌺𐌰𐌿𐍃𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳 gakausjand	𐌲𐌰𐌺𐌰𐌿𐍃𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿𐌽 gakausidēdun	𐌲𐌰𐌺𐌰𐌿𐍃𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰 gakausjanda
Subjunctive	Present	Past	Present passive
1st singular	𐌲𐌰𐌺𐌰𐌿𐍃𐌾𐌰𐌿 gakausjau	𐌲𐌰𐌺𐌰𐌿𐍃𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌿 gakausidēdjau	𐌲𐌰𐌺𐌰𐌿𐍃𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌰𐌿 gakausjaidau
2nd singular	𐌲𐌰𐌺𐌰𐌿𐍃𐌾𐌰𐌹𐍃 gakausjais	𐌲𐌰𐌺𐌰𐌿𐍃𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐍃 gakausidēdeis	𐌲𐌰𐌺𐌰𐌿𐍃𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌶𐌰𐌿 gakausjaizau
3rd singular	𐌲𐌰𐌺𐌰𐌿𐍃𐌾𐌰𐌹 gakausjai	𐌲𐌰𐌺𐌰𐌿𐍃𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌹 gakausidēdi	𐌲𐌰𐌺𐌰𐌿𐍃𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌰𐌿 gakausjaidau
1st dual	𐌲𐌰𐌺𐌰𐌿𐍃𐌾𐌰𐌹𐍅𐌰 gakausjaiwa	𐌲𐌰𐌺𐌰𐌿𐍃𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐍅𐌰 gakausidēdeiwa	—
2nd dual	𐌲𐌰𐌺𐌰𐌿𐍃𐌾𐌰𐌹𐍄𐍃 gakausjaits	𐌲𐌰𐌺𐌰𐌿𐍃𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐍄𐍃 gakausidēdeits	—
1st plural	𐌲𐌰𐌺𐌰𐌿𐍃𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌼𐌰 gakausjaima	𐌲𐌰𐌺𐌰𐌿𐍃𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌼𐌰 gakausidēdeima	𐌲𐌰𐌺𐌰𐌿𐍃𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿 gakausjaindau
2nd plural	𐌲𐌰𐌺𐌰𐌿𐍃𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌸 gakausjaiþ	𐌲𐌰𐌺𐌰𐌿𐍃𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌸 gakausidēdeiþ	𐌲𐌰𐌺𐌰𐌿𐍃𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿 gakausjaindau
3rd plural	𐌲𐌰𐌺𐌰𐌿𐍃𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌰 gakausjaina	𐌲𐌰𐌺𐌰𐌿𐍃𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌽𐌰 gakausidēdeina	𐌲𐌰𐌺𐌰𐌿𐍃𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿 gakausjaindau
Imperative
2nd singular	𐌲𐌰𐌺𐌰𐌿𐍃𐌴𐌹 gakausei
3rd singular	𐌲𐌰𐌺𐌰𐌿𐍃𐌾𐌰𐌳𐌰𐌿 gakausjadau
2nd dual	𐌲𐌰𐌺𐌰𐌿𐍃𐌾𐌰𐍄𐍃 gakausjats
2nd plural	𐌲𐌰𐌺𐌰𐌿𐍃𐌴𐌹𐌸 gakauseiþ
3rd plural	𐌲𐌰𐌺𐌰𐌿𐍃𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿 gakausjandau
	Present	Past
Participles	𐌲𐌰𐌺𐌰𐌿𐍃𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍃 gakausjands	𐌲𐌰𐌺𐌰𐌿𐍃𐌹𐌸𐍃 gakausiþs

Further reading

• Streitberg, Wilhelm (1910). Die gotische Bibel. Zweiter Teil: Gotisch-griechisch-deutsches Wörterbuch. Heidelberg: Carl Winter’s Universitätsbuchhandlung, p. 74