𐌺𐍂𐌹𐌿𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌽

Gothic

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *kreustaną (“to crush, grind, strike, smash”). Cognate to Old Swedish krysta (“to crackle”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈkriu̯s.tan/

Adverb

𐌺𐍂𐌹𐌿𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌽 • (kriustan)

1. to gnash, grind

Conjugation

Class 2 strong
Infinitive	𐌺𐍂𐌹𐌿𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌽 kriustan
Indicative	Present	Past	Present passive
1st singular	𐌺𐍂𐌹𐌿𐍃𐍄𐌰 kriusta	𐌺𐍂𐌰𐌿𐍃𐍄 kraust	𐌺𐍂𐌹𐌿𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌳𐌰 kriustada
2nd singular	𐌺𐍂𐌹𐌿𐍃𐍄𐌹𐍃 kriustis	𐌺𐍂𐌰𐌿𐍃𐍄𐍄 kraustt	𐌺𐍂𐌹𐌿𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌶𐌰 kriustaza
3rd singular	𐌺𐍂𐌹𐌿𐍃𐍄𐌹𐌸 kriustiþ	𐌺𐍂𐌰𐌿𐍃𐍄 kraust	𐌺𐍂𐌹𐌿𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌳𐌰 kriustada
1st dual	𐌺𐍂𐌹𐌿𐍃𐍄𐍉𐍃 kriustōs	𐌺𐍂𐌿𐍃𐍄𐌿 krustu	—
2nd dual	𐌺𐍂𐌹𐌿𐍃𐍄𐌰𐍄𐍃 kriustats	𐌺𐍂𐌿𐍃𐍄𐌿𐍄𐍃 krustuts	—
1st plural	𐌺𐍂𐌹𐌿𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌼 kriustam	𐌺𐍂𐌿𐍃𐍄𐌿𐌼 krustum	𐌺𐍂𐌹𐌿𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰 kriustanda
2nd plural	𐌺𐍂𐌹𐌿𐍃𐍄𐌹𐌸 kriustiþ	𐌺𐍂𐌿𐍃𐍄𐌿𐌸 krustuþ	𐌺𐍂𐌹𐌿𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰 kriustanda
3rd plural	𐌺𐍂𐌹𐌿𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌽𐌳 kriustand	𐌺𐍂𐌿𐍃𐍄𐌿𐌽 krustun	𐌺𐍂𐌹𐌿𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰 kriustanda
Subjunctive	Present	Past	Present passive
1st singular	𐌺𐍂𐌹𐌿𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌿 kriustau	𐌺𐍂𐌿𐍃𐍄𐌾𐌰𐌿 krustjau	𐌺𐍂𐌹𐌿𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌰𐌿 kriustaidau
2nd singular	𐌺𐍂𐌹𐌿𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌹𐍃 kriustais	𐌺𐍂𐌿𐍃𐍄𐌴𐌹𐍃 krusteis	𐌺𐍂𐌹𐌿𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌹𐌶𐌰𐌿 kriustaizau
3rd singular	𐌺𐍂𐌹𐌿𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌹 kriustai	𐌺𐍂𐌿𐍃𐍄𐌹 krusti	𐌺𐍂𐌹𐌿𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌰𐌿 kriustaidau
1st dual	𐌺𐍂𐌹𐌿𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌹𐍅𐌰 kriustaiwa	𐌺𐍂𐌿𐍃𐍄𐌴𐌹𐍅𐌰 krusteiwa	—
2nd dual	𐌺𐍂𐌹𐌿𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌹𐍄𐍃 kriustaits	𐌺𐍂𐌿𐍃𐍄𐌴𐌹𐍄𐍃 krusteits	—
1st plural	𐌺𐍂𐌹𐌿𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌹𐌼𐌰 kriustaima	𐌺𐍂𐌿𐍃𐍄𐌴𐌹𐌼𐌰 krusteima	𐌺𐍂𐌹𐌿𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿 kriustaindau
2nd plural	𐌺𐍂𐌹𐌿𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌹𐌸 kriustaiþ	𐌺𐍂𐌿𐍃𐍄𐌴𐌹𐌸 krusteiþ	𐌺𐍂𐌹𐌿𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿 kriustaindau
3rd plural	𐌺𐍂𐌹𐌿𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌰 kriustaina	𐌺𐍂𐌿𐍃𐍄𐌴𐌹𐌽𐌰 krusteina	𐌺𐍂𐌹𐌿𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿 kriustaindau
Imperative
2nd singular	𐌺𐍂𐌹𐌿𐍃𐍄 kriust
3rd singular	𐌺𐍂𐌹𐌿𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌳𐌰𐌿 kriustadau
2nd dual	𐌺𐍂𐌹𐌿𐍃𐍄𐌰𐍄𐍃 kriustats
2nd plural	𐌺𐍂𐌹𐌿𐍃𐍄𐌹𐌸 kriustiþ
3rd plural	𐌺𐍂𐌹𐌿𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿 kriustandau
	Present	Past
Participles	𐌺𐍂𐌹𐌿𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍃 kriustands	𐌺𐍂𐌿𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌽𐍃 krustans

Related terms

• 𐌺𐍂𐌿𐍃𐍄𐍃 (krusts)