π„π…πŒΉπƒπƒπ„πŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πŒ°πŒ½

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Gothic[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From π„π…πŒΉπƒ- (twis-) +‎ πƒπ„πŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πŒ°πŒ½ (standan).

Verb[edit]

π„π…πŒΉπƒπƒπ„πŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πŒ°πŒ½ β€’ (twisstandan)

  1. to leave, depart or separate from

Conjugation[edit]

Only the nominative singular masculine of the present participle is attested. The attestation occurs in two manuscripts, one of which has a double s, and the other has a single s. The former is typically seen as the more standard, or at least the more etymologically logical, form of the word.

Present tense with n-infix. The past participle is not attested but was in all likelihood *π„π…πŒΉπƒπƒπ„πŒ°πŒΈπŒ°πŒ½πƒ (*twisstaΓΎans), since the participle stem is formed with the same vowel as the present stem but without the n-infix marking the present tense.

Class 6 strong, irregular
Infinitive π„π…πŒΉπƒπƒπ„πŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πŒ°πŒ½
twisstandan
Indicative Present Past Present passive
1st singular π„π…πŒΉπƒπƒπ„πŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πŒ°
twisstanda 		π„π…πŒΉπƒπƒπ„π‰πŒΈ
twisstōþ 		π„π…πŒΉπƒπƒπ„πŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πŒ°πŒ³πŒ°
twisstandada
2nd singular π„π…πŒΉπƒπƒπ„πŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πŒΉπƒ
twisstandis 		π„π…πŒΉπƒπƒπ„π‰πƒπ„
twisstōst 		π„π…πŒΉπƒπƒπ„πŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πŒ°πŒΆπŒ°
twisstandaza
3rd singular π„π…πŒΉπƒπƒπ„πŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πŒΉπŒΈ
twisstandiΓΎ 		π„π…πŒΉπƒπƒπ„π‰πŒΈ
twisstōþ 		π„π…πŒΉπƒπƒπ„πŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πŒ°πŒ³πŒ°
twisstandada
1st dual π„π…πŒΉπƒπƒπ„πŒ°πŒ½πŒ³π‰πƒ
twisstandōs 		π„π…πŒΉπƒπƒπ„π‰πŒΈπŒΏ
twisstōþu 		—
2nd dual π„π…πŒΉπƒπƒπ„πŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πŒ°π„πƒ
twisstandats 		π„π…πŒΉπƒπƒπ„π‰πŒΈπŒΏπ„πƒ
twisstōþuts 		—
1st plural π„π…πŒΉπƒπƒπ„πŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πŒ°πŒΌ
twisstandam 		π„π…πŒΉπƒπƒπ„π‰πŒΈπŒΏπŒΌ
twisstōþum 		π„π…πŒΉπƒπƒπ„πŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πŒ°
twisstandanda
2nd plural π„π…πŒΉπƒπƒπ„πŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πŒΉπŒΈ
twisstandiΓΎ 		π„π…πŒΉπƒπƒπ„π‰πŒΈπŒΏπŒΈ
twisstōþuΓΎ 		π„π…πŒΉπƒπƒπ„πŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πŒ°
twisstandanda
3rd plural π„π…πŒΉπƒπƒπ„πŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πŒ°πŒ½πŒ³
twisstandand 		π„π…πŒΉπƒπƒπ„π‰πŒΈπŒΏπŒ½
twisstōþun 		π„π…πŒΉπƒπƒπ„πŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πŒ°
twisstandanda
Subjunctive Present Past Present passive
1st singular π„π…πŒΉπƒπƒπ„πŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πŒ°πŒΏ
twisstandau 		π„π…πŒΉπƒπƒπ„π‰πŒΈπŒΎπŒ°πŒΏ
twisstōþjau 		π„π…πŒΉπƒπƒπ„πŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πŒ°πŒΉπŒ³πŒ°πŒΏ
twisstandaidau
2nd singular π„π…πŒΉπƒπƒπ„πŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πŒ°πŒΉπƒ
twisstandais 		π„π…πŒΉπƒπƒπ„π‰πŒΈπŒ΄πŒΉπƒ
twisstōþeis 		π„π…πŒΉπƒπƒπ„πŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πŒ°πŒΉπŒΆπŒ°πŒΏ
twisstandaizau
3rd singular π„π…πŒΉπƒπƒπ„πŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πŒ°πŒΉ
twisstandai 		π„π…πŒΉπƒπƒπ„π‰πŒΈπŒΉ
twisstōþi 		π„π…πŒΉπƒπƒπ„πŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πŒ°πŒΉπŒ³πŒ°πŒΏ
twisstandaidau
1st dual π„π…πŒΉπƒπƒπ„πŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πŒ°πŒΉπ…πŒ°
twisstandaiwa 		π„π…πŒΉπƒπƒπ„π‰πŒΈπŒ΄πŒΉπ…πŒ°
twisstōþeiwa 		—
2nd dual π„π…πŒΉπƒπƒπ„πŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πŒ°πŒΉπ„πƒ
twisstandaits 		π„π…πŒΉπƒπƒπ„π‰πŒΈπŒ΄πŒΉπ„πƒ
twisstōþeits 		—
1st plural π„π…πŒΉπƒπƒπ„πŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πŒ°πŒΉπŒΌπŒ°
twisstandaima 		π„π…πŒΉπƒπƒπ„π‰πŒΈπŒ΄πŒΉπŒΌπŒ°
twisstōþeima 		π„π…πŒΉπƒπƒπ„πŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πŒ°πŒΉπŒ½πŒ³πŒ°πŒΏ
twisstandaindau
2nd plural π„π…πŒΉπƒπƒπ„πŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πŒ°πŒΉπŒΈ
twisstandaiΓΎ 		π„π…πŒΉπƒπƒπ„π‰πŒΈπŒ΄πŒΉπŒΈ
twisstōþeiΓΎ 		π„π…πŒΉπƒπƒπ„πŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πŒ°πŒΉπŒ½πŒ³πŒ°πŒΏ
twisstandaindau
3rd plural π„π…πŒΉπƒπƒπ„πŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πŒ°πŒΉπŒ½πŒ°
twisstandaina 		π„π…πŒΉπƒπƒπ„π‰πŒΈπŒ΄πŒΉπŒ½πŒ°
twisstōþeina 		π„π…πŒΉπƒπƒπ„πŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πŒ°πŒΉπŒ½πŒ³πŒ°πŒΏ
twisstandaindau
Imperative
2nd singular π„π…πŒΉπƒπƒπ„πŒ°πŒ½πŒ³
twisstand
3rd singular π„π…πŒΉπƒπƒπ„πŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πŒ°πŒ³πŒ°πŒΏ
twisstandadau
2nd dual π„π…πŒΉπƒπƒπ„πŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πŒ°π„πƒ
twisstandats
2nd plural π„π…πŒΉπƒπƒπ„πŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πŒΉπŒΈ
twisstandiΓΎ
3rd plural π„π…πŒΉπƒπƒπ„πŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πŒ°πŒΏ
twisstandandau
Present Past
Participles π„π…πŒΉπƒπƒπ„πŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πƒ
twisstandands 		*π„π…πŒΉπƒπƒπ„πŒ°πŒΈπŒ°πŒ½πƒ
*twisstaΓΎans

Related terms[edit]

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