𐬀𐬉𐬴𐬨𐬀

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Avestan

FWOTD – 29 April 2017

Etymology

From Old Avestan 𐬀𐬉𐬱𐬆𐬨𐬀 (aēšəma), from Proto-Iranian *HayšHmah, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *HayšHmas (Ruki sound law), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁oysh₂-mo-s (“fury, wrath, violent passion”) (whence also Ancient Greek οἶμα (oîma)), from *h₁eysh₂- (“to fall upon, act sharply, be angry”). The use of 𐬴 (ṣ̌) instead of 𐬱 (š) must be a later scribal conflation.

Compare Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (ʾyšm), 𐫟𐫏𐫢𐫖 (xyšm), 𐫟𐫏𐫏𐫢𐫖 (xyyšm /⁠xēšm⁠/)[1] (whence Persian خشم (xašm)), Ancient Greek οἶστρος (oîstros) and Latin īra.

Pronunciation

Noun

𐬀𐬉𐬴𐬨𐬀 • (aēṣ̌ma) m[2] (Young Avestan)

  1. anger, fury, madness, wrath
    • Hymn to Haoma Yasna 10.8
      𐬬𐬍𐬯𐬞𐬈 ⸱ 𐬰𐬍 ⸱ 𐬀𐬥𐬌𐬌𐬉 ⸱ 𐬨𐬀𐬜𐬃𐬢𐬵𐬋 ⸱ 𐬀𐬉𐬴𐬨𐬀 ⸱ 𐬵𐬀𐬗𐬌𐬧𐬙𐬈 ⸱ 𐬑𐬭𐬎𐬎𐬍𐬨 ⸱ 𐬛𐬭𐬎𐬎𐬋 ⸱ 𐬁𐬀𐬝 ⸱ 𐬵𐬋 ⸱ 𐬫𐬋 ⸱ 𐬵𐬀𐬊𐬨𐬀𐬵𐬈 ⸱ 𐬨𐬀𐬜𐬋 ⸱ 𐬀𐬴𐬀 ⸱ 𐬵𐬀𐬗𐬀𐬌𐬙𐬈‎
      vīspe . zī . aniiē . maδā̊ŋhō . aēṣ̌ma . haciṇte . xruuīm . druuō . āat̰ . hō . yō . haomahe . maδō . aṣ̌a . hacaite‎
      All other intoxicants bring on the madness of a bloody club, but the intoxication of Haoma brings Truth[3]
  2. (Zoroastrianism) Aeshma (the hypostasis of brutality and violence, as opposed to Truth)[4]

References

  1. ^ Durkin-Meisterernst, Desmond (2004) “xyšm, xyyšm”, in A Dictionary of Manichaean Middle Persian and Parthian (Corpus Fontium Manichaeorum; 3.1), Turnhout: Brepols, page 371
  2. ^ Kanga, Kavasji Edalji (1900) “𐬀𐬉𐬴𐬨𐬀”, in A Complete Dictionary of the Avesta Language‎[1], Bombay: Education society's steam press, page 12
  3. ^ Lua error in Module:quote at line 884: |date= should contain a full date (year, month, day of month); use |year= for year
  4. ^ Asmussen, J. P. (1983) “AĒŠMA”, in Encyclopædia Iranica, volume I, fascicle 5, pages 479-480
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