𐽲𐽰𐽸𐽰𐽿
Old Uyghur
[edit]| Uyghur script | 𐽲𐾄𐽰𐽸𐽰𐽿 (q̈ʾdʾš /ḳadaš/) 𐽲𐽳𐽸𐽰𐽿 (qwdʾš /ḳudaš/) 𐽲𐽰𐽳𐽿𐽰𐾁 (qʾwšʾl /ḳa[d]a[š]/)[1] |
|---|---|
| Arabic script | قذش (qḍš /ḳaḍaš/) |
| Syriac script | ܟܐܛܐܫ (kʾṭʾš /ḳadaš/) ܚܛܐܫ (ḥṭʾš /ḥataš/) ܚܐܕܫ (ḥʾdš /ḥadaš/) |
| Brāhmī script | 𑀓𑀞𑀰𑁆 (kaṭhaś /ḳaṭʰaš/) 𑀓𑀸𑀥𑀸𑀰𑁆 (kādhāś /ḳādʰāš/) |
Etymology
[edit]By surface analysis, 𐽲𐽰 (qʾ /ḳa/, “family”) + -𐽸𐽰𐽿 (-dʾš /-daš/, “mutuality suffix”), the first element of which is from Middle Chinese 家 (kae, “family”). Cognate with Old Kirghiz 𐰵𐰒𐱂 (qadaš).
Unrelated to Turkish kardeş (“sibling”), Kyrgyz карындаш (karındaş, “younger sister”), and the like seen in modern languages, which feature *karïn (“womb, belly”) as the first element instead.
Noun
[edit]𐽲𐽰𐽸𐽰𐽿 (qʾdʾš /ḳadaš, ḥadaš/)
- relative, close family friend
- Synonyms: 𐽼𐽰𐽲𐽶𐽾 (pʾqyr /baġïr/), 𐽼𐽳𐽶𐽿𐽳𐽷 (pwyšwk /böšük/), 𐽽𐽰𐽽𐽶 (cʾcy /čeči/), 𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽾𐾀𐽳𐽷 (kwyrtwk /körtük/), 𐾀𐽶𐽾𐽶𐽺 (tyryn /térin/), 𐾀𐽳𐽲𐽹𐽶𐽿 (twqmyš /tuġmïš/), 𐾀𐽳𐽶𐽺𐽷𐽳𐽾 (twynkwr /tüŋür/), 𐽰𐽳𐽾𐽳𐽲 (ʾwrwq /uruġ/)
- Ṭemür? (ܛܐܡܘܪ), Unknown fragment SyrHT393.6 (r06):[2]
- ܟܘܕܐܓܘ ܟܐܛܐܫܡ ܚܐܪܝܢ ܕܐ
- kwdʾgw kʾṭʾšm xʾryn dʾ
- /Küdegü ḳadašïm ḥarïnda[šïm!]/
- My sons-in-law, relatives and brother[s!]
- ܟܘܕܐܓܘ ܟܐܛܐܫܡ ܚܐܪܝܢ ܕܐ
Declension
[edit]| Note: Not all forms are attested. | ||
|---|---|---|
| — | singular | definite plural |
| nominative | 𐽲𐽰𐽸𐽰𐽿 (qʾdʾš) | 𐽲𐽰𐽸𐽰𐽿𐾁𐽰𐽾 (qʾdʾšlʾr) |
| genitive | 𐽲𐽰𐽸𐽰𐽿𐽺𐽶𐽺𐽷 (qʾdʾšnynk) | 𐽲𐽰𐽸𐽰𐽿𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽺𐽶𐽺𐽷 (qʾdʾšlʾrnynk) |
| dative | 𐽲𐽰𐽸𐽰𐽿𐽲𐽰 (qʾdʾšqʾ) | 𐽲𐽰𐽸𐽰𐽿𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽲𐽰 (qʾdʾšlʾrqʾ) |
| accusative | 𐽲𐽰𐽸𐽰𐽿𐽶𐽲 (qʾdʾšyq) 𐽲𐽰𐽸𐽰𐽿𐽺𐽶 (qʾdʾšny) |
𐽲𐽰𐽸𐽰𐽿𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽲 (qʾdʾšlʾryq) 𐽲𐽰𐽸𐽰𐽿𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽺𐽶 (qʾdʾšlʾrny) |
| locative | 𐽲𐽰𐽸𐽰𐽿𐾀𐽰 (qʾdʾštʾ) | 𐽲𐽰𐽸𐽰𐽿𐾁𐽰𐽾𐾀𐽰 (qʾdʾšlʾrtʾ) |
| ablative | 𐽲𐽰𐽸𐽰𐽿𐾀𐽶𐽺 (qʾdʾštyn) | 𐽲𐽰𐽸𐽰𐽿𐾁𐽰𐽾𐾀𐽶𐽺 (qʾdʾšlʾrtyn) |
| instrumental | 𐽲𐽰𐽸𐽰𐽿𐽶𐽺 (qʾdʾšyn) | 𐽲𐽰𐽸𐽰𐽿𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽺 (qʾdʾšlʾryn) |
| equative | 𐽲𐽰𐽸𐽰𐽿𐽽𐽰 (qʾdʾšcʾ) | — |
| directive | 𐽲𐽰𐽸𐽰𐽿𐽲𐽰𐽾𐽳 (qʾdʾšqʾrw) | — |
| similative | 𐽲𐽰𐽸𐽰𐽿𐾁𐽰𐽶𐽳 (qʾdʾšlʾyw) | — |
References
[edit]- Caferoğlu, Ahmet (1968), “ḳadaş”, in Eski Uygur Türkçesi Sözlüğü (Türk Dil Kurumu Yayınları; 260) (in Turkish), Istanbul: Edebiyat Fakültesi Basımevi, page ḳadaş
- Clauson, Gerard (1972), “kadaş”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 607
- Wilkens, Jens (2021), “(1) kadaš ~ k(a)daš ~ kad(a)š”, in Handwörterbuch des Altuigurischen (in German), Göttingen: Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Göttingen, page (1) kadaš ~ k(a)daš ~ kad(a)š
- Zieme, Peter (2015), Altuigurische Texte der Kirche des Ostens aus Zentralasien (Gorgias Eastern Christian Studies; 41) (in German), →ISBN, page 30