View source for -을

{{also|을}}
==Jeju==

===Alternative forms===
* {{l|jje|-ㄹ}} {{q|after a vowel}}
* {{l|jje|-를}} {{q|rare, formal, after a vowel}}

===Pronunciation===
* {{IPA|jje|[ɨɭ]}}

===Particle===
{{head|jje|particle|tr=-eul}}

# indicates the [[direct object]] of a verb
#: {{usex|jje|시리레 '''ᄀᆞ를''' 담-으라.|t=Put the flour into the steamer.}}

====Usage notes====
* {{l|jje|-을}} is used after a word ending with a consonant. If the preceding word ends in a vowel, {{l|jje|-ㄹ}} is used instead.

====See also====
* {{q|subject marker}} {{l|jje|-이}}
* {{q|topic marker}} {{l|jje|-은}}

==Korean==

===Pronunciation===
{{ko-IPA}}

===Etymology 1===
From {{inh|ko|okm|-}} {{okm-l|[[-을|-을〮/-ᄋᆞᆯ〮]]|-úl/ól}}, from {{inh|ko|oko|乙|tr=*-ur}} in the early second millennium, from even earlier {{m|oko|肹}} in the late first millennium.  The post-vocalic form {{m|ko|-를}} is probably formed by pre-Middle Korean [[reduplication]], with the original form {{m|ko|-ㄹ}} now relegated to colloquial speech.

====Alternative forms====
* {{alter|ko|-를||after vowels}}
* {{alter|ko|-ㄹ||after vowels, colloquial}}

====Particle====
{{ko-pos|particle}}

# {{non-gloss|The [[accusative]] particle, indicating the [[direct object]] of a verb.}}
#: {{uxi|ko|[[너]]'''-를''' [[사랑하다|사랑-했어]].|t=I loved you.}}
#: {{uxi|ko|[[사람]]'''-을''' [[살리다]]|t=to save a person}}
#: {{uxi|ko|[[꽃]]'''-을''' [[보다]]|t=to see a flower}}
#: {{uxi|ko|[[부산]]'''-을''' [[가다]]|t=to go to Busan}}
#: {{uxi|ko|[[공부]]'''-를''' [[하다]]|t=to study}}
#: {{uxi|ko|[[컨닝]]'''-을''' [[하다]]|t=to cheat on a test}}
# {{n-g|In "long negation" constructions with {{m|ko|-지}}, attaches to the negated verb to add emphasis.}}
#: {{uxi|ko|[[아기]][[-는]] [[울다|울지]]'''-를''' [[않다|않았다]].|t=The baby did not cry.}}
#: {{uxi|ko|[[배구]] [[선수]][[-는]] [[공]]'''-을''' [[놓치다|놓치지]]'''-를''' [[않다|않았다]].|t=The volleyball player did not lose the ball.}}
# {{lb|ko|southern|_|Gyeongsang}} {{n-g|Indicates the [[indirect object]] of a verb.}}
#: {{syn|ko|-한테|-에게}}

=====Usage notes=====
* Note that Korean verbal transitivity can differ from the English equivalent. In particular, verbs of motion can take direct objects, and most compound verbs with {{m|ko|하다}} function as transitive verbs where the meaningful element is a noun which is the direct object of {{m|ko|하다}}.
* Korean case-marking particles can be omitted if the case is obvious from context; in such cases, the particle has an emphatic sense.
* {{m-self|ko|-를}} can occur after the locative particle {{m|ko|-에}} and the instrumental particle {{m|ko|-으로}}.

====See also====
{{col2|ko
|-이<pos:nominative case marker>
|-은<pos:topic marker>
}}

===Etymology 2===
{{anchor|adnominal}}
From {{inh|ko|okm|-}} {{okm-inline|[[-으ᇙ|-으ᇙ/ᄋᆞᇙ]]|-ulq/olq}}, from {{inh|ko|oko|尸|tr=*-(u)lq}}.

In Old Korean, a (perhaps ''the'') primary function of this suffix was to form verbal gerunds that could function as nouns, much as English {{m|en|-ing}}-forms serve as both independent nouns and to attribute nouns adjectivally; this nominalizing usage was only vestigial in Middle Korean and is wholly defunct today.

====Alternative forms====
* {{alter|ko|-ㄹ||after vowels}}

====Suffix====
{{ko-pos|suffix}}

# {{n-g|A verbal and adjectival [[irrealis]] [[adnominal]] suffix; generally equivalent to English "that [one] will" or "who [one] will", but not always with a future meaning; indicates the future intention of the subject, the inference of the subject about an event (whether past, present, or future), a general timeless fact, something that ought to be done, etc.}}
#: {{cot|ko|-은|pos=realis/past adnominal suffix}}
#: {{ux|ko|[[파티]][[-에]] '''올''' [[사람]][[들]]|t=the people '''who are going to''' come to the party}}
#: {{ux|ko|[[친구]][[-에게]] '''줄''' [[선물]]|t=the gift '''that''' I '''will''' give to my friend}}
#: {{ux|ko|[[죽이다|죽'''일''']] [[놈]]|t=the bastard '''who ought to''' be killed|lit=the bastard who [people] '''ought to''' kill}}
#: {{ux|ko|[[비]][[-가]] '''올''' [[때]] [[이]] [[거리]][[-는]] [[잠기다|잠긴다]].|t=At times '''when''' it rains, this street is submerged.}}
#: {{ux|ko|[[목발]][[-은]] [[못]] [[걷다|걸]]'''을''' [[때]] [[사용하다|사용한다]].|t=You use crutches '''when''' you can't walk.}}
#: {{ux|ko|[[차갑다|차가웠]]'''을''' [[물]]|t=water which '''should have been''' cold; water which I predict was cold}}

=====Usage notes=====
* Compare the [[realis]]/[[irrealis]] contrast:
*: {{ux|ko|[[차갑다|차가]][[-었-|웠]]'''[[-던]]''' [[물]]|t=water which was [factually] cold}}
*: {{ux|ko|[[차갑다|차가]][[-었-|웠]]'''-을''' [[물]]|t=water which should have been cold; water which I predict was cold}}

=====Related terms=====
{{col2|ko
|-을 것 같다
|-을 것이다
|-을게
|-을까
|-을지
|-으리
|-으리라
}}

==Middle Korean==

===Etymology===
From {{der|okm|oko|乙|tr=*-(u)r}}.

===Pronunciation===
* {{IPA|okm|/ɨl/}}

===Particle===
{| class="floatright wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|+ [[Appendix:Korean sound symbolism#Ablaut|Ablaut/harmonic pair]]
! Yin-form
| {{l-self|okm|-을|을〮|tr=-úl}}
|-
! Yang-form
|{{l-self|okm|-ᄋᆞᆯ|ᄋᆞᆯ〮|tr=-ól}}
|}
{{head|okm|particle|tr=-úl|head=을〮}}

# {{n-g|Accusative case marker.}}

====Alternative forms====
* {{alter|okm|-를〮|-ᄅᆞᆯ〮|tr1=-lúl|tr2=-lól||after vowels}}
* {{alter|okm|-ㄹ||after vowels, variant}}

====Descendants====
* {{desc|ko|을}}