-TSAʼ
See also: Appendix:Variations of "tsa"
Navajo
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Athabaskan *tsαɢ (“to act with teeth by biting”).
In Navajo this root often occurs with the emphatic infix -x-.
It is related to the noun atsá (“eagle”).
Root
[edit]-TSAʼ
| Theme | Category | Bases | Transitive bases (O + ł) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| O + ł | motion |
S carries O clamped in teeth or beak
|
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| O + ∅ | successive |
S grasps O with teeth or beak
|
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| yíní + ∅ | stative |
S has O clamped in teeth or beak
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| di + ∅ | ? |
S releases P from teeth
|
Stem set
[edit]| Aspect | Imperfective | Perfective | Future | Iterative | Optative |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Momentaneous | -tsééh | -tsaʼ | -tsah | -tsah | -tsééh |
| Continuative | -tsaʼ | -tsaʼ | -tsah | -tsah | -tsaʼ |
| Semelfactive | -tsah | -tsah | -tsah | -tsah | -tsah |
| Neuter | — | -tsaʼ | — | — | — |
See also Appendix: Roots and stems derivation.