-YĄĄD

Navajo

Etymology

From Proto-Athabaskan *ɣʸanʸ (“to be wise, be aged”). Nouns such as są́ (“old aged”) and sání (“elderly, old one”) both belong to this root.

Possibly related to the root -YĄ́ (“to grow”).

Root

-YĄĄD

1. to be wise, be smart, be aware

Theme	Category	Bases	Bases with O-aa prepounded + Ø / l
ho + Ø	?	S is aware, wise, intelligent hayąąh (MOM) hóyą́ (NEUT)
á + ho + Ø	?	there is awareness áháyą́ áhooyąąd (TRANS)	S is aware of O áhályą́ áhoosyąąd (TRANS)

2. to be attached to, bond with, care about

Theme	Category	Bases	Transitive bases (O + ł)
yi	?		S is attached to O, accepts O yoosąąh (MOM) yoosą́ (NEUT)

Stem set

Aspect	IMP	PERF	FUT	ITER	OPT
MOM	-yąąh	-yąąd	-yąął	-yąąh	-yąąh
TRANS	-	-yąąd	-yąął	-	-yą́ą́ʼ
NEUT	-yą́	-	-	-	-

See also Appendix: Roots and stems derivation.

Synonyms

to be aware, know:

• -ZĮĮD
• -CHĄ́Ą́ʼ

to treat with care:

• -TIID

Derived terms

Navajo terms belonging to the root -YĄĄD (be wise)