-ZĮĮD

See also: -ZIID

Navajo

Etymology

From Proto-Athabaskan *zən (“to think”). Relates to the mind.

Cognate root found in Ahtna nizen (“he thinks”), Chipewyan yɛnɛsθən (“I think”), Gwich'in yiyindhan (“he wants it”).

Root

-ZĮĮD

1. to think, to want, to know

Theme	Category	Bases	Corresponding active base
∅		S feels, thinks, is aware nízin (NEUT) yinízin ákonízin aheenízin ákwíinízin íinízin	niizįįh (TRANS) yiniizįįh ákoniizįįh
d		S thinks nidzin hwiinidzin	niidzįįh hwiiniidzįįh
ho + ł		S causes feeling hasin	hasįįh
yíní + ł		S keeps O in a condition áyósin áhósin kóyósin
P-éé + ho + ł		S knows P (a person) yééhósin (NEUT)	yééhoosįįh ↳ ádééhoolzįįh (+d refl.) ↳ ahééhoolzįįh (+d recip.)
P-éé + ho + ∅		there is knowledge about P bééhózin (NEUT)	bééhoozįįh

Stem set

Aspect	IMP	PERF	FUT	ITER	OPT
MOM	-zįįh	-zįįd / -zį́į́ʼ / -zin	-zįįł	-zįįh	-zį́į́ʼ / -zįįh
NEUT	-zin	-	-	-	-

See also Appendix: Roots and stems derivation.

Synonyms

to know:

• -CHĄ́Ą́ʼ
• -NIIʼ

 

to want:

• -NIID

to think:

• -KÉÉZ

Derived terms

Navajo terms belonging to the root -ZĮĮD (know)