-ZID

Navajo

Etymology

From Proto-Athabaskan *zəd (“a single object undergoes cyclical process”). Found across all Athabaskan languages in a wide range of disparate themes.

Root

-ZID

 1. a month passes

Theme	Category	Bases	Transitive bases (O + ł)
(di) + Ø	motion	a month passes ńdízííd náhidizííd yiził (PROG)	S earns (money) per month — néídiyiisííd

 2. to gather awareness: to wake up, to inspect

Theme	Category	Bases	Transitive bases (O + ł)
chʼí + ná + d	?	S wakes up chʼínádzííd (MOM)	S wakes O up chʼínéísííd
ha + O + ł	?	S inspects O, examines O haisííd ↳ haʼasííd
ł	?		S fools around naʼáhodilziid (CONT) (+d refl.)

 3. to treat with respect, handle carefully

Theme	Category	Bases	Transitive bases (O + ł)
Ø	?	S handles O with care sizid (NEUT)

Stem set

Aspect	IMP	PERF	FUT	ITER	OPT
MOM	-zííd	-zid	-ził	-ziʼ	-zííd
CONT	-ziid	-	-	-	-
NEUT	-	-zid	-	-	-

See also Appendix: Roots and stems derivation.

Synonyms

time passes:

• -Ą́
• -DĄĄD
• -HAI
• -KĄ́
• -KID
• -ZHĮ́
• -ZHIIZH

Derived terms

Navajo terms belonging to the root -ZID (month passes)

Navajo terms belonging to the root -ZID (aware)

Navajo terms belonging to the root -ZID (handle carefully)