-τικός

Ancient Greek

Etymology

From -σις (-sis, verbal noun suffix) or -τος (-tos, verbal adjective suffix) +‎ -κός (-kós, adjective suffix), occurring in some original cases and later used freely by metanalysis.

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /ti.kós/ → /tiˈkos/ → /tiˈkos/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /ti.kós/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /tiˈkos/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /tiˈkos/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /tiˈkos/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /tiˈkos/

Suffix

-τῐκός • (-tikós) m (feminine -τῐκή, neuter -τῐκόν); first/second declension

1. Added to verbal stems to form adjectives: relating to, suited to, skilled in, able to, -ive

   ‎ποιέω (poiéō, “to make”) + ‎-τικός (-tikós) → ‎ποιητικός (poiētikós, “creative”)

2. Added to other stems to form adjectives, particularly those ending in vowels

   ‎ἔξω (éxō, “outside”) + ‎-τικός (-tikós) → ‎ἐξωτικός (exōtikós, “foreign”)

   ‎ναυ-ς (nau-s, “ship”) + ‎-τικός (-tikós) → ‎ναυτικός (nautikós, “seafaring”)

Usage notes

Certain sound changes happen before the suffix, as before other derivational or inflectional suffixes beginning in τ (t). Labial stops β, π, φ (b, p, ph) become π (p), dental stops δ, θ, τ (d, th, t) become σ (s), velar stops γ, κ, χ (g, k, kh) become κ (k).

• ‎βλαβ- (blab-, “harm”) + ‎-τικός (-tikós) → ‎βλαβ-τικός → βλαπτικός (blab-tikós → blaptikós, “harmful”)
• ‎πείθω (peíthō, “persuade”) + ‎-τικός (-tikós) → ‎πειθ-τικός → πειστικός (peith-tikós → peistikós, “persuasive”)
• ‎πρᾱγ- (prāg-, “do”) + ‎-τικός (-tikós) → ‎πρᾱγ-τικός → πρᾱκτικός (prāg-tikós → prāktikós, “pertaining to action”)

Contracted verbs, which have stems ending in a vowel, use the long form of the vowel – this happens, for instance, in the example above: ποιέ-ω (poié-ō) → ποιη-τικός (poiē-tikós).

Declension

First and second declension of -τῐκός; -τῐκή; -τῐκόν (Attic)

Number		Singular				Dual				Plural
Case/Gender		Masculine	Feminine	Neuter		Masculine	Feminine	Neuter		Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative		-τῐκός -tikós	-τῐκή -tikḗ	-τῐκόν -tikón		-τῐκώ -tikṓ	-τῐκᾱ́ -tikā́	-τῐκώ -tikṓ		-τῐκοί -tikoí	-τῐκαί -tikaí	-τῐκᾰ́ -tiká
Genitive		-τῐκοῦ -tikoû	-τῐκῆς -tikês	-τῐκοῦ -tikoû		-τῐκοῖν -tikoîn	-τῐκαῖν -tikaîn	-τῐκοῖν -tikoîn		-τῐκῶν -tikôn	-τῐκῶν -tikôn	-τῐκῶν -tikôn
Dative		-τῐκῷ -tikôi	-τῐκῇ -tikêi	-τῐκῷ -tikôi		-τῐκοῖν -tikoîn	-τῐκαῖν -tikaîn	-τῐκοῖν -tikoîn		-τῐκοῖς -tikoîs	-τῐκαῖς -tikaîs	-τῐκοῖς -tikoîs
Accusative		-τῐκόν -tikón	-τῐκήν -tikḗn	-τῐκόν -tikón		-τῐκώ -tikṓ	-τῐκᾱ́ -tikā́	-τῐκώ -tikṓ		-τῐκούς -tikoús	-τῐκᾱ́ς -tikā́s	-τῐκᾰ́ -tiká
Vocative		-τῐκέ -tiké	-τῐκή -tikḗ	-τῐκόν -tikón		-τῐκώ -tikṓ	-τῐκᾱ́ -tikā́	-τῐκώ -tikṓ		-τῐκοί -tikoí	-τῐκαί -tikaí	-τῐκᾰ́ -tiká
Derived forms		Adverb				Comparative				Superlative
		-τῐκῶς -tikôs				-τῐκώτερος -tikṓteros				-τῐκώτᾰτος -tikṓtatos
Notes:		This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Derived terms

Ancient Greek terms suffixed with -τικός

References

• Smyth, Herbert Weir (1920) “Part III: Formation of Words”, in A Greek grammar for colleges, Cambridge: American Book Company, § 858