View source for -ать

{{also|ять|-ять|Appendix:Variations of "at"}}
==Russian==

===Pronunciation===
* {{ru-IPA|-ать|ann=y}}
* {{ru-IPA|-а́ть|ann=y}}
* {{rhymes|ru|atʲ|s=2}}

===Etymology 1===
{{inh+|ru|sla-pro|*-ati}}.

====Alternative forms====
* {{alt|ru|-ять}}

====Suffix====
{{head|ru|suffix|head=-ать|head2=-а́ть|cat2=verb-forming suffixes}}

# {{n-g|The infinitive suffix for many verbs. Usually indicates an imperfective verb.}}
# {{n-g|Used in place of {{m|ru|-я́ть}} after the hushing sibilants {{lang|ru|ш щ ч ж}} and after {{lang|ru|жд}}, when used to derive imperfective verbs from (normally but not always prefixed) perfective class 4 verbs (in {{m|ru|-ить}}) following one of {{lang|ru|т д с з ш ж ч щ}}. Always stressed. Triggers {{glossary|iotation}} of the final stem consonant, but it is unpredictable whether the iotation of {{lang|ru|т}} results in {{lang|ru|ч}} or {{lang|ru|щ}} and whether the iotation of {{lang|ru|д}} results in {{lang|ru|ж}} or {{lang|ru|жд}}. Very occasionally found with class 5 verbs in {{m|ru|-еть}}.}}
#: {{sufex|ru|по-|ме́тить|t2=to [[mark]]|g2=impf|поме́тить|t3=to [[mark]], to [[date]]|g3=pf|arrow3=y|altsuf=-а́ть|помеча́ть|g4=impf}}
#: {{sufex|ru|за-|роди́ть|t2=to [[give birth]]|g2=impf|зароди́ть|t3=to [[engender]]|g3=pf|arrow3=y|altsuf=-а́ть|зарожда́ть|g4=impf}}
#: {{sufex|ru|ко́нчить|t1=to [[finish]]|g1=pf|altsuf=-а́ть|конча́ть|g2=impf}}
#: {{sufex|ru|оби́деть|t1=to [[offend]], to [[insult]]|g1=pf|altsuf=-а́ть|обижа́ть|g2=impf}}
# {{n-g|Used to derive imperfective verbs from certain classes of prefixed perfective verbs, where the stem ends in a non-palatal consonant, e.g. class 3 ({{m|ru|-нуть}}), class 6 (some {{m|ru|-ать}}, particularly where the present tense does not end in {{m|ru||-аю}}), class 7 ({{m|ru|-ть}} after a consonant and {{m|ru|-ти}}), class 8 ({{m|ru|-чь}}). Always stressed (which may be the only difference between the perfective and imperfective forms, esp. for class 6 perfectives). It is added to the underlying stem, minus the infinitive suffix. In some cases, the underlying stem is not apparent in the infinitive. In such a case, the stem may appear in the present tense (in class 7 verbs such as {{m|ru|напа́сть}}, underlying stem {{lang|ru|напа́д-}} visible in present 1st singular {{m|ru|нападу́}}, or in class 8 verbs such as {{m|ru|отсе́чь}}, underlying stem {{lang|ru|отсе́к-}} visible in present 1st singular {{m|ru|отсеку́}}) or may not (in class 3 verbs in {{lang|ru|-нуть}}, e.g. {{m|ru|поки́нуть}}, underlying stem {{lang|ru|поки́д-}}).}}
#: {{sufex|ru|за-|мо́лкнуть|t2=to [[fade]], to [[grow]] [[quiet]]|g2=impf|замо́лкнуть|t3=to become [[silent]]|g3=pf|arrow3=y|altsuf=-а́ть|замолка́ть|g4=impf}}
#: {{sufex|ru|об-|грызть|t2=to [[gnaw]]|g2=impf|обгры́зть|t3=to [[gnaw]] around|g3=pf|arrow3=y|altsuf=-а́ть|обгрыза́ть|g4=impf}}
#: {{sufex|ru|на-|пасть|t2=to [[fall]]|g2=impf|напа́сть|t3=to [[fall on]], to [[attack]]|g3=pf|qq3=underlying stem {{lang|ru|напа́д-}}|arrow3=y|altsuf=-а́ть|напада́ть|g4=impf}}
#: {{sufex|ru|от-|сечь|t2=to [[cut]], to [[chop]]|g2=impf|отсе́чь|t3=to [[cut off]], to [[chop]] [[off]]|g3=pf|qq3=underlying stem {{lang|ru|отсе́к-}}|arrow3=y|altsuf=-а́ть|отсека́ть|g4=impf}}
#: {{sufex|ru|раз-|ре́зать|t2=to [[cut]], to [[carve]]|g2=impf|разре́зать|t3=to [[cut off]]|g3=pf|arrow3=y|altsuf=-а́ть|разреза́ть|g4=impf}}
#: {{sufex|ru|по-|ки́нуть|t2=to [[throw]]|g2=impf|поки́нуть|t3=to [[leave]], to [[abandon]]|g3=pf|qq3=underlying stem {{lang|ru|поки́д-}}|arrow3=y|altsuf=-а́ть|покида́ть|g4=impf}}
# {{n-g|Occasionally, irregularly used to derive imperfective verbs from (normally but not always prefixed) perfective class 4 ({{m|ru|-ить}}) and class 5 (some {{m|ru|-еть}}) verbs where the stem ends in a paired palatal consonant. Always stressed. Does not trigger {{glossary|iotation}}.}}
#: {{sufex|ru|с-|купи́ть|t2=to [[buy]]|g2=impf|скупи́ть|t3=to [[buy up]]|g3=pf|arrow3=y|altsuf=-а́ть|скупа́ть|g4=impf}}
#: {{sufex|ru|от-|руби́ть|t2=to [[chop]]|g2=impf|отруби́ть|t3=to [[chop]] [[off]]|g3=pf|arrow3=y|altsuf=-а́ть|отруба́ть|g4=impf}}
#: {{sufex|ru|ступи́ть|t1=to [[tread]], to [[step]]|g1=pf|altsuf=-а́ть|ступа́ть|g2=impf}}
#: {{sufex|ru|до-|горе́ть|t2=to [[burn]]|g2=impf|догоре́ть|t3=to [[burn down]], to [[burn out]]|g3=pf|arrow3=y|altsuf=-а́ть|догора́ть|g4=impf}}

=====Conjugation=====
''ending-stressed:''
{{ru-conj|impf|1a+p|-а́ть}}
''stem-stressed:''
{{ru-conj|impf|1a|-́ать}}

=====See also=====
* {{l|ru|-ять}}, {{l|ru|-еть}}, {{l|ru|-ить}}
* {{l|ru|-ть}}, {{l|ru|-ти}}

===Etymology 2===
{{inh+|ru|sla-pro|*-ati}}, from earlier {{m|sla-pro|*-ěti}}, from {{inh|ru|ine-bsl-pro|*-ēˀtei}}, from {{der|ru|ine-pro|*-éh₁ti|*-eh₁-}} (stative suffix).

====Alternative forms====
* {{alt|ru|-е́ть||not after hushing sibilants or /j/}}
* {{alt|ru|-я́ть||after underling /j/}}

====Suffix====
{{head|ru|suffix|head=-а́ть}}

# {{n-g|Used in place of {{m|ru|-е́ть}} after the hushing sibilants {{lang|ru|ш щ ч ж}}, when used to derive class-5 imperfective verbs from nouns, especially onomatopoeic verbs. Probably no longer productive.}}

=====Conjugation=====
''ending-stressed (type 5b):''
{{ru-conj|impf-intr|5b|-а́ть|asif_prefix=ж}}
''ending-stressed (type 5c):''
{{ru-conj|impf-intr|5c|-а́ть|asif_prefix=ж}}
''stem-stressed (type 5a):''
{{ru-conj|impf-intr|5a|-ать|asif_prefix=е́ж}}