-ս

See also: ս, Ս, and ս-

Armenian

Etymology

From Old Armenian -ս (-s).

Pronunciation

• (Eastern Armenian) IPA^(key): /s/, [s], /əs/, [əs] (following a consonant)
• (Western Armenian) IPA^(key): /s/, [s], /əs/, [əs] (following a consonant)

Suffix

-ս • (-s)

1. a possessive suffix marking 1st person possession

   գիրքս ― girkʻs ― my book

   գնալս ― gnals ― my going

   ձեռքերովս ― jeṙkʻerovs ― with my hands

   1. co-occurs with postpositions in pseudo-possessive meaning identifying the location in the 1st person

      մոտս ― mots ― with me/at me/near me

      վրաս ― vras ― on me

2. a personal suffix used to refer to the 1st person as an agent; found in idioms and certain constructions

   ես ինքս ― es inkʻs ― I myself

   Ես՝ Վահագն Ա. Պետրոսյանս, կազմեցի սույն օրինակը։

   Es, Vahagn A. Petrosyans, kazmecʻi suyn ōrinakə.

   I, Vahagn A. Petrosyan Esq., made up the following example.

   ես ինքս ― es inkʻs ― I myself

   Դուք՝ առաջավորներդ, պիտի օգնեք մեզ՝ ետ մնացողներիս։

   Dukʻ, aṙaǰavornerd, piti ōgnekʻ mez, et mnacʻoġneris.

   You, the advanced ones, have to help us, the backward ones.

3. a demonstrative suffix found in
   1. some temporal expressions indicating a point of time being very close to the moment of speech

      ամառս ― amaṙs ― this summer

   2. some expressions indicating a location very close (or even familiar) to the speaker

      Բարբառումս կա 43 հնչյուն։ ― Barbaṙums ka 43 hnčʻyun. ― There are 43 sounds in this dialect.

See also

• -դ (-d)

References

• Dum-Tragut, Jasmine (2009) Armenian: Modern Eastern Armenian (London Oriental and African Language Library; 14), Amsterdam, Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing Company, pages 112–116

Old Armenian

Etymology 1

From *սո- (*so-).

Suffix

-ս • (-s)

1. this, these (near the speaker)

   կինս զոր ետուր ― kins zor etur ― this woman given me by you

   զոր ասեմս ― zor asems ― what I say

2. (personal pronoun) I

   տէրս եւ վերդապետս ― tērs ew verdapets ― I who am a lord and master

3. sometimes used for ornament

   յորոց միջի ես բնակեալս եմ ― yorocʻ miǰi es bnakeals em ― among whom I live

   զոր ինչ եսս գործեմ ― zor inčʻ ess gorcem ― that which I do

   զոր սայս խօսի ― zor says xōsi ― what he says

   որպէս եւ եսս եմ ― orpēs ew ess em ― as I am

   վասն իրացս այսոցիկ ― vasn iracʻs aysocʻik ― for these things

   զոր այժմս ասացի ― zor ayžms asacʻi ― what I have just now said

Usage notes

See the notes in -դ (-d).

Descendants

• Armenian: -ս (-s)

References

• Ačaṙean, Hračʻeay (1971–1979) “ս”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran (in Armenian), 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, Yerevan: University Press
• Fortson, Benjamin W. (2010) Indo-European Language and Culture: An Introduction, second edition, Oxford: Blackwell, page 390
• Gočanean, Pōġos (2011) Dasakan grabari gorcnakan kʻerakanutʻiwn‎^[1] (in Armenian), Vienna and Yerevan: Mekhitarist Press, pages 24–25
• Petrosean, Matatʻeay (1879) “ս”, in Nor Baṙagirkʻ Hay-Angliarēn, Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy

Etymology 2

From the Proto-Indo-European plural accusative case ending *-Vns, *-(C)n̥s. Compare dialectal Ancient Greek λύκονς (lúkons, “wolves”), Gothic 𐌳𐌰𐌲𐌰-𐌽𐍃 (daga-ns, “days”).

Suffix

-ս • (-s)

1. plural accusative case marker

   շունս ― šuns ― accusative plural of շուն (šun)

2. forming adverbs

Derived terms

Old Armenian terms suffixed with -ս

References

• Fortson, Benjamin W. (2010) Indo-European Language and Culture: An Introduction, second edition, Oxford: Blackwell, page 388
• Godel, Robert (1975) An introduction to the study of classical Armenian, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, page 102
• Matasović, Ranko (2009) A Grammatical Sketch of Classical Armenian‎^[2], Zagreb, page 19

Etymology 3

Either from -ս (-s, “plural accusative case marker”) (see Etymology 2) or inherited from Proto-Indo-European plural locative marker *-su by apocope; compare Sanskrit वृकेषु (vṛkeṣu).

Suffix

-ս • (-s)

1. plural locative case marker

   շունս ― šuns ― locative plural of շուն (šun)

References

• Godel, Robert (1975) An introduction to the study of classical Armenian, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, page 103
• Matasović, Ranko (2009) A Grammatical Sketch of Classical Armenian‎^[3], Zagreb, page 19

Etymology 4

From Proto-Indo-European *-si, the second-person singular primary personal ending. The preservation in Armenian is probably due to the influence of ես (es, “you are”).

Suffix

-ս • (-s)

2. second-person singular present-tense ending of verbs

   որսաս ― orsas ― you hunt

   գրես ― gres ― you write

   հայիս ― hayis ― you look

   արգելուս ― argelus ― you hinder

Derived terms

• -աս (-as)
• -ես (-es)
• -իս (-is)
• -ուս (-us)

See also

• -մ (-m)
• -յ (-y)
• -մք (-mkʻ)
• -յք (-ykʻ)
• -ն (-n)

References

• Fortson, Benjamin W. (2004) Indo-European Language and Culture: An Introduction, first edition, Oxford: Blackwell, page 391