Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian/čášma: difference between revisions

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This Proto-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Iranian

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *čáćšma.

Derived terms

*čášmakah (“spring, source”)

Northwestern Iranian:
- Lua error in Module:parameters at line 95: Parameter 1 should be a valid language or etymology language code; the value "ku" is not valid. See WT:LOL and WT:LOL/E.
  Central Kurdish: چاوە (čāwa)
- Baluchi: چمگ (čammag)
- Proto-Medo-Parthian:
  - Old Median: *čašmaka
    - Kermanic:
      - Yazdi: چمک (č^əmak)
      - Zoroastrian Dari: چمک (čamak)
    - Old Azari: *چشمه (*čušma)
      - Harzani: چوشما (čošmā)
      - Karingani: چاشمه (čāšma)
    - Talysh: (/⁠čašma, čema⁠/)
      Arabic script: چشمه, چمه
      
      Latin script: çəşmə, çemə
  - Parthian: (/⁠čašmag⁠/)
    Manichaean script: 𐫝𐫢𐫖𐫃‎ (čšmg)
  - Zaza-Gorani:
    - Gurani: چەمە (čama)
    - Zazaki: çıme (čema), çem (čam)
Southwestern Iranian:
- Old Persian: *𐎨𐏁𐎶𐎣 (*c-š-m-k /⁠*čašmaka⁠/)
  - Middle Persian: (/⁠čašmag⁠/)
    Manichaean script: 𐫝𐫢𐫖𐫃‎ (cšmg)
    
    Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (cšmk')
    - Lurish:
      Northern Luri: چشمه (čašma)
    - Classical Persian: چشمه (čašma)
      Dari: چشمه (čašma)
      
      Iranian Persian: چشمه (češme)
      
      Tajik: чашма (čašma)
      - → Yagnobi: чашма (čašma)

Noun

*čášma n

eye

Descendants

Central Iranian:
- Avestan: 𐬗𐬀𐬱𐬨𐬀𐬥 (cašman)
Northeastern Iranian:
- Old Ossetic:
  - Ossetian: цасм (casm), цанс (cans, “loop; noose; snare”)
  - (perhaps) Lua error in Module:etymology/templates/descendant at line 284: You specified a term in 4= and not one in 3=. You probably meant to use t= to specify a gloss instead. If you intended to specify two terms, put the second term in 3=.
- Proto-Saka-Wakhi:
  - Khotanese: [script needed] (tcęiman) ^[1]
  - Wakhi: (/⁠cəzm⁠/) ^[2]
    Arabic script: څزم
    
    Cyrillic script: цәзм
- Sogdo-Bactrian:
  - Khwarezmian: څم (cm /⁠cam⁠/)
  - Proto-Sogdic:
    - Sogdian: (/⁠čašm⁠/)
      Manichaean script: 𐫝𐫢𐫖 (cšm)
      
      Sogdian script: [script needed] (cšm)
      
      Syriac script: ܨܫܡ (cšm)
Southeastern Iranian:
- Pashto: څم (cam), ځم (źam) (in parts of verbs, e.g. ځمل (źaməl, “to wink”))
- Proto-Sanglechi-Ishkashimi: ^[3], ^[4]
  - Ishkashimi: [script needed] (cām)
  - Sanglechi: [script needed] (cāṃ)
- Proto-Shughni-Yazghulami-Munji:
  - Proto-Munji-Yidgha:
    - Munji: [script needed] (cam)
    - Yidgha: څم (cam), چم (čam)
  - Proto-Shughni-Yazghulami:
    - Proto-Shughni-Roshani:
      - Sarikoli: [script needed] (cem)
      - Shughni: [script needed] (cēm), [script needed] (cīm)
    - Yazghulami: [script needed] (cam), [script needed] (cām)
Northwestern Iranian:
- Baluchi: چم (čam)
- Lua error in Module:parameters at line 95: Parameter 1 should be a valid language or etymology language code; the value "ku" is not valid. See WT:LOL and WT:LOL/E.
  Central Kurdish: چاو (čāw)
  
  Northern Kurdish: çav (čāv)
  
  Southern Kurdish: چاو (čāw), چەو (čaw)
  
  Laki: چەم (čam)
- Proto-Medo-Parthian:
  - Caspian:
    - Gilaki: چشم (čəšm), چوشم (čušm)
    - Mazanderani: چش (češ)
  - Old Median: *čašman
    - Kermanic:
      - Yazdi: چم (čem)
      - Zoroastrian Dari: چم (čam)
    - Old Azari: چشم (čušm, čašm)
      - Harzani: چش (čoš)
      - Karingani: چوش (čöš), چاش (čāš)
    - Talysh: (/⁠čaš(m)⁠/)
      Arabic script: چش, چشم
      
      Latin script: çəş, çəşm
  - Parthian: (/⁠čašm⁠/) ^[5]
    Manichaean script: 𐫝𐫢𐫖 (čšm)
  - Zaza-Gurani:
    Gurani: چەم (čam)
    
    Zazaki: çim (čim)
Southwestern Iranian:
- Old Persian: 𐎨𐏁𐎠𐎶𐎴 (c-š-ma-n /⁠cašman-⁠/)^[6]
  - Middle Persian: (/⁠čašm⁠/)
    Manichaean script: 𐫝𐫢𐫖 (čšm) ^[7]
    
    Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (AYNE), [script needed] (čšm)
    
    Psalter Pahlavi script: 𐮀𐮈𐮌𐮇 (AYNH̠)
    - Lurish:
      Northern Luri: چش (čaš)
      
      Bakhtiari: چش (čaš)
    - Classical Persian: چشم (čašm)
      Dari: چشم (čašm)
      
      Iranian Persian: چشم (čašm, češm)
      
      Tajik: чашм (čašm)
      
      Tat: [script needed] (čÿm)
      - → Assamese: চছমা (sosma)
      - → Gujarati: ચશ્મું (caśmũ), ચશ્માં (caśmā̃)
      - → Hindi: चश्मा (caśmā)
      - → Pashto: چشم (čašm)

References

^ Bailey, H. W. (1979) “tcęiman”, in Dictionary of Khotan Saka, Cambridge, London, New York, Melbourne: Cambridge University press, page 161
^ [1], ISHKASHMI-ENGLISH VOCABULARY.
^ [2], ISHKASHMI-ENGLISH VOCABULARY.
^ Bailey, H. W. (1979) “tcęiman”, in Dictionary of Khotan Saka, Cambridge, London, New York, Melbourne: Cambridge University press, page 161
^ Durkin-Meisterernst, Desmond (2004) “čšm”, in A Dictionary of Manichaean Middle Persian and Parthian (Corpus Fontium Manichaeorum; 3.1), Turnhout: Brepols, page 156
^ Skjærvø, Prods Oktor (2016) An Introduction to Old Persian‎^[3]
^ Durkin-Meisterernst, Desmond (2004) “čšm”, in A Dictionary of Manichaean Middle Persian and Parthian (Corpus Fontium Manichaeorum; 3.1), Turnhout: Brepols, page 156

[1] Bailey, H. W. (1979) “tcęiman”, in Dictionary of Khotan Saka, Cambridge, London, New York, Melbourne: Cambridge University press, page 161

[2] [1], ISHKASHMI-ENGLISH VOCABULARY.

[3] [2], ISHKASHMI-ENGLISH VOCABULARY.

[4] Bailey, H. W. (1979) “tcęiman”, in Dictionary of Khotan Saka, Cambridge, London, New York, Melbourne: Cambridge University press, page 161

[5] Durkin-Meisterernst, Desmond (2004) “čšm”, in A Dictionary of Manichaean Middle Persian and Parthian (Corpus Fontium Manichaeorum; 3.1), Turnhout: Brepols, page 156

[6] Skjærvø, Prods Oktor (2016) An Introduction to Old Persian‎^[3]

[7] Durkin-Meisterernst, Desmond (2004) “čšm”, in A Dictionary of Manichaean Middle Persian and Parthian (Corpus Fontium Manichaeorum; 3.1), Turnhout: Brepols, page 156

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

@@ Line 5: / Line 5: @@
 ===Etymology===
 From {{inh|ira-pro|iir-pro|*čáćšma}}.
+====Derived terms====
+* {{l|ira-pro|*čášmakah|t=spring, source}}
+{{top2}}
+* Northwestern Iranian:
+** {{desc|ku}}
+**: {{desc|ckb|چاوە|tr=čāwa}}
+** {{desc|bal|چمگ|tr=čammag}}
+** {{desc|ira-mpr-pro}}
+*** {{desc|xme-old|*čašmaka}}
+**** {{desc|xme-ker}}
+***** {{desc|xme-yaz|چمک|tr=č<sup>ə</sup>mak}}
+***** {{desc|gbz|چمک|tr=čamak}}
+**** {{desc|xme-azr|*چشمه|tr=*čušma}}
+***** {{desc|hrz|چوشما|tr=čošmā}}
+***** {{desc|kgn|چاشمه|tr=čāšma}}
+**** {{desc|tly|-|ts=čašma, čema}}
+****: {{desc|tly|چشمه|sclb=1}}, {{l|tly|چمه}}
+****: {{desc|tly|çəşmə|sclb=1}}, {{l|tly|çemə}}
+*** {{desc|xpr|-|ts=čašmag}}
+***: {{desc|xpr|𐫝𐫢𐫖𐫃‎|tr=čšmg|sc=Mani|sclb=1}}
+*** Zaza-Gorani:
+**** {{desc|hac|چەمە|tr=čama}}
+**** {{desc|zza|çıme|tr=čema}}, {{l|zza|çem|tr=čam}}
+* Southwestern Iranian:
+** {{desc|peo|*𐎨𐏁𐎶𐎣|ts=*čašmaka}}
+*** {{desc|pal|-|ts=čašmag}}
+***: {{desc|pal|𐫝𐫢𐫖𐫃‎|tr=cšmg|sc=Mani|sclb=1}}
+***: {{desc|pal||tr=cšmk'|sc=Phlv|sclb=1}}
+**** Lurish:
+****: {{desc|lrc|چشمه|tr=čašma}}
+**** {{desc|fa-cls|چشمه|tr=čašma}}
+****: {{desc|prs|چشمه|tr=čašma}}
+****: {{desc|fa-ira|چشمه|tr=češme}}
+****: {{desc|tg|чашма}}
+***** {{desc|yai|чашма|tr=čašma|bor=1}}
+{{bottom}}
 ===Noun===
@@ Line 19: / Line 55: @@
 *** {{desc|os|цасм}}, {{l|os|цанс||loop; noose; snare}}
 *** {{q|perhaps}} {{desc|xcl|ցանց||casting-net|bor=1}}
+** Proto-Saka-Wakhi:
-** {{desc|kho|tr=pe'ma}}
+*** {{desc|kho|tr=tcęiman}} <ref>{{R:kho:Bailey|tcęiman|page=161}} </ref>
+*** {{desc|wbl|-|ts=cəzm}} <ref> [http://www.angelfire.com/sd/tajikistanupdate/isheng.html],  ISHKASHMI-ENGLISH VOCABULARY.</ref>
+***: {{desc|wbl|څزم|sclb=1}}
+***: {{desc|wbl|цәзм|sclb=1}}
+** Sogdo-Bactrian:
+*** {{desc|xco|څم|tr=cm|ts=cam}}
+*** {{desc|ira-sgc-pro}}
+**** {{desc|sog|-|ts=čašm}}
+****: {{desc|sog|𐫝𐫢𐫖|tr=cšm|sc=Mani|sclb=1}}
+****: {{desc|sog|tr=cšm|sc=Sogd|sclb=1}}
+****: {{desc|sog|ܨܫܡ|tr=cšm|sc=Syrc|sclb=1}}
+* Southeastern Iranian:
+** {{desc|ps|څم|tr=cam}}, {{l|ps|ځم|tr=źam}} {{q|in parts of verbs, e.g. {{l|ps|ځمل|tr=źaməl|t=to wink}}}}
+** {{desc|ira-sgi-pro}} <ref> [http://www.angelfire.com/sd/tajikistanupdate/isheng.html],  ISHKASHMI-ENGLISH VOCABULARY.</ref>, <ref>{{R:kho:Bailey|tcęiman|page=161}} </ref>
+*** {{desc|isk||tr=cām}}
+*** {{desc|sgy||tr=cāṃ}}
+** {{desc|ira-sym-pro}}
+*** {{desc|ira-mny-pro}}
+**** {{desc|mnj||tr=cam}}
+**** {{desc|ydg|څم|tr=cam}}, {{l|ydg|چم|tr=čam}}
+*** {{desc|ira-shy-pro}}
+**** {{desc|ira-shr-pro}}
+***** {{desc|srh||tr=cem}}
+***** {{desc|sgh||tr=cēm}}, {{l|sgh||tr=cīm}}
+**** {{desc|yah||tr=cam}}, {{l|yah||tr=cām}}
 * Northwestern Iranian:
+** {{desc|bal|چم|tr=čam}}
 ** {{desc|ku|-}}
 **: {{desc|ckb|چاو|tr=čāw}}
@@ Line 26: / Line 88: @@
 **: {{desc|sdh|چاو|tr=čāw}}, {{l|sdh|چەو|tr=čaw}}
 **: {{desc|lki|چەم|tr=čam}}
+** {{desc|ira-mpr-pro}}
-** Zaza-Gurani:
+*** Caspian:
-*** {{desc|hac|چەم|tr=čam}}
-*** {{desc|zza|çim|tr=čim}}
+**** {{desc|glk|چشم|tr=čəšm}}, {{l|glk|چوشم|tr=čušm}}
+**** {{desc|mzn|چش|tr=češ}}
+*** {{desc|xme-old|*čašman}}
+**** {{desc|xme-ker}}
+***** {{desc|xme-yaz|چم|tr=čem}}
+***** {{desc|gbz|چم|tr=čam}}
+**** {{desc|xme-azr|چشم|tr=čušm, čašm}}
+***** {{desc|hrz|چش|tr=čoš}}
+***** {{desc|kgn|چوش|tr=čöš}}, {{l|kgn|چاش|tr=čāš}}
+**** {{desc|tly|-|ts=čaš(m)}}
+****: {{desc|tly|چش|sclb=1}}, {{l|tly|چشم}}
+****: {{desc|tly|çəş|sclb=1}}, {{l|tly|çəşm}}
+*** {{desc|xpr|-|ts=čašm}} <ref>{{R:xpr:DMMPP|čšm|page=156}}</ref>
+***: {{desc|xpr|𐫝𐫢𐫖|tr=čšm|sc=Mani|sclb=1}}
+*** Zaza-Gurani:
+***: {{desc|hac|چەم|tr=čam}}
+***: {{desc|zza|çim|tr=čim}}
 * Southwestern Iranian:
 ** {{desc|peo|𐎨𐏁𐎠𐎶𐎴|tr=c-š-ma-n|ts=cašman-}}<ref>{{R:peo:Skjaervo}}</ref>
-*** {{desc|pal|AYNE|tr=čašm}}, {{l|pal|čšm|tr=čašm}}
+*** {{desc|pal|-|ts=čašm}}
+***: {{desc|pal|𐫝𐫢𐫖|tr=čšm|sc=Mani|sclb=1}} <ref>{{R:xmn:DMMPP|čšm|page=156}}</ref>
-**** {{desc|fa-cls}}
-***** {{desc|fa-ira|چشم|tr=čašm, češm}}
+***: {{desc|pal|tr=AYNE|sc=Phlv|sclb=1}}, {{l|pal|tr=čšm}}
-***** {{desc|tg|чашм}}
+***: {{desc|pal|𐮀𐮈𐮌𐮇|tr=AYNH̠|sc=Phlp|sclb=1}}
+**** Lurish:
+****: {{desc|lrc|چش|tr=čaš}}
+****: {{desc|bqi|چش|tr=čaš}}
+**** {{desc|fa-cls|چشم|tr=čašm}}
+****: {{desc|prs|چشم|tr=čašm}}
+****: {{desc|fa-ira|چشم|tr=čašm, češm}}
+****: {{desc|tg|чашм}}
+****: {{desc|ttt|tr=čÿm}}
 ***** {{desc|as|চছমা|bor=1|tr=sosma}}
 ***** {{desc|gu|ચશ્મું|bor=1}}, {{m|gu|ચશ્માં}}
 ***** {{desc|hi|चश्मा|bor=1}}
+***** {{desc|ps|چشم|tr=čašm|bor=1}}
 {{bottom}}

Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian/čášma: difference between revisions

Revision as of 18:50, 29 July 2019

Contents

Proto-Iranian

Etymology

Derived terms

Noun

Descendants

References

Navigation menu

Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian/čášma: difference between revisions

Revision as of 18:50, 29 July 2019

Proto-Iranian

Etymology

Derived terms

Noun

Descendants

References

Navigation menu

Search