چم

See also: جم, خم, and حم

Baluchi

Alternative forms

• چھم (chamm)

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *čáćšma (“eye”).

Noun

چم • (camm)

1. eye

Derived terms

• چمگ (cammag)

See also

• تیلگ (tílag)

Gojri

Etymology

Inherited from Prakrit 𑀘𑀫𑁆𑀫 (camma), from Sanskrit चर्म (cárma).

Noun

چَم (cam) m

1. skin, leather, hide, coat, peel, rind

Related terms

• چَمْڑو (camṛo)
• چَمْڑِی (camṛī)

Further reading

• Dr Rafique Anjum (2018), Concise Gojri-Kashmiri-English Dictionary, New Delhi: Adam Publishers & Distributors, →ISBN, page 187.
• Javaid Rahi (2015), “چَمْ”, in گوجری ڈکشنری [Gojri Dictionary] (in Gojri), page 419, column 2.

Gulf Arabic

Alternative forms

• جم

Pronunciation

• (Kuwait) IPA^(key): /t͡ʃəm/

Etymology 1

From Arabic كَمْ (kam).

Determiner

چم • (čam)

1. how many

Related terms

• شكثر (škiṯir, “how much”)

Etymology 2

From Arabic كُمّ (kumm).

Noun

چم • (čam) m (dual چمين (čammēn), plural چموم (čmūm))

1. sleeve

Usage notes

Usually only used in the plural except when the two needs to be emphasized, e.g. نزل چمومك (“lower your [two] sleeves”). Compare similar usage with عين (ʕēn, “eye”).

Kalami

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *(s)ker-

Proto-Indo-European *-mn̥

Proto-Indo-European *(s)kér-mn̥ ~ *(s)kr̥-mén-s

Proto-Indo-Iranian *čárma

Sanskrit चर्म॑न् (cárman)

Kalami چم

Inherited from Sanskrit चर्म॑न् (cárman), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *čárma, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kér-mn̥ ~ *(s)kr̥-mén-s, from *(s)ker- + *-mn̥.

Pronunciation

• Tone class: H
• IPA^(key): /t͡ɕám/

Noun

چم (čam) m

1. skin

References

• Baart, Joan L. G. (1997), “čam”, in The sounds and tones of Kalam Kohistani: with wordlist and texts (Studies in Languages of Northern Pakistan; 1)‎^[1], National Institute of Pakistan Studies, Quaid-i-Azam University; Summer Institute of Linguistics, page 82

Laki

Noun

چم (çim)

1. eye

Mazanderani

Noun

چم (čam)

1. mood

   منه چم نیه ― mene čam niye ― I'm not in the mood

Persian

Etymology 1

Inherited from Middle Persian [Term?] (cym /⁠čim⁠/, “reason, cause, purpose, meaning”). Compare Gilaki چم (čem, “mood, meaning, atmosphere”).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Persian) IPA^(key): /ˈt͡ʃam/

 

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [t͡ʃʰäm]

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [t͡ʃʰäm]
  • (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [t͡ʃʰäm]
  • (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [t͡ʃʰäm]

• (Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [t͡ʃʰæm]

• (Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [t͡ʃʰäm]

Readings
Classical reading?	čam
Dari reading?	čam
Iranian reading?	čam
Tajik reading?	čam

Noun

Dari	چم
Iranian Persian
Tajik	чам

چم • (čem, čam) (plural چم‌ها (čem-hâ, čam-hâ))

1. meaning, sense

   Synonym: معنی (ma'ni)

Inflection

Basic forms of چم

	singular	plural
bare	چم (čam)	چم‌ها، چما△ (čam-hấ, čamấ△)
definitive direct object	چم را، چم رو△ (čam râ, čamo△)	چم‌ها را، چما رو△ (čam-hấ râ, čamấ ro△)
ezâfe	چم (čam-e)	چم‌های، چمای△ (čam-hấ-ye, čamấ-ye△)
marked indefinite or relative definite	چمی (čam-i)	چم‌هایی، چمایی△ (čamấn-i, čam-hấ-i, čamấi△)

^△ Colloquial.

References

Mackenzie, D. N. (1971) A Concise Pahlavi Dictionary. p. 22. Retrieved December 15, 2022.

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Pronunciation

• • (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [t͡ʃʰim]

Readings
Dari reading?	čim

Noun

چم • (čim)

1. (Hazaragi) dialectal form of چشم (čašm)

References

• Malistani, Tariq (1993), “چم”, in فرهنگ ابتدائی ملی هزاره [farhang-i ibtidā'ī millī-yi hazāra]‎^[2] (PDF), SIL International

Talysh

Noun

چم (cam)

1. eye

Torwali

Etymology

From Sanskrit चर्मन् (carman), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *čárma, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kérmn̥.

Noun

چم (čam)

1. skin

Western Cham

Proper noun

چم (transliteration needed)

1. Cham Jawi spelling of Cam‎