Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/leyd-: difference between revisions

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Rix is the only one that tries to merge these roots, which doesn't make much sense. i really also doubt the BSl and Albanian terms are related either, but one battle at a time
Tag: removal-of-deletion-or-rfv-template
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{{rfd|ine-pro}}
{{reconstructed}}
{{reconstructed}}
==Proto-Indo-European==
==Proto-Indo-European==


===Root===
===Root===
{{ine-root}}<ref name=Rix>{{R:ine:LIV|lei̯d-|pages=402–403}}</ref><ref>{{R:itc:EDL|lūdō, -ere|pages=350–351}}</ref><ref>{{R:bat:EDBIL|277|leisti}}</ref><ref name=Matasović>{{R:cel:EDPC|246|head=loyd-o-}}</ref>
{{ine-root}}<ref name="LIV_leid">{{R:ine:LIV|lei̯d-|pages=402–403}}</ref><ref>{{R:itc:EDL|lūdō, -ere|pages=350–351}}</ref><ref>{{R:bat:EDBIL|277|leisti}}</ref><ref name=Matasović>{{R:cel:EDPC|246|head=loyd-o-}}</ref>


# to [[let]], [[allow]]
# {{senseid|ine-pro|let}} to [[let]], [[allow]]
# to [[let go]], [[release]]
# to [[let go]], [[release]]


====Derived terms====
====Derived terms====
* {{l|ine-pro||*léid-ti ~ *lid-énti|pos=athematic root present}}
* {{l|ine-pro||*léyd-ti ~ *lid-énti|pos=athematic root present}}<ref name="LIV_leid" />
** {{desc|ine-bsl-pro|*lēiˀstei|alt=léiˀstei}}
** {{desc|ine-bsl-pro|*lēiˀstei|alt=léiˀstei}} {{see desc}}

⚫
*** {{desc|olt|léidmi}}
* {{l|ine-pro||*le-loyd-ti ~ *lé-lid-n̥ti|pos=reduplicated athematic root present}}<ref name="LIV_leid" />
**** (West) {{desc|lt|léisti|alt=léisti, lédžiu|t=to let, let go, start moving}}
* {{l|ine-pro||*lé-loyd-ti ~ *lé-lid-n̥ti|pos=reduplicated present}}
** {{desc|ine-bsl-pro|*lēiˀstei|alt=*laiˀstei}} {{see desc}}

⚫
** {{desc|itc-pro|alt=*loidō}}
* {{l|ine-pro||*li-né-d-ti ~ *li-n-d-énti|pos=nasal-infix present}}<ref name="LIV_leid" />
⚫
*** {{desc|la|lūdō|t=to play}}
** {{desc|ine-bsl-pro|*laiˀstei}}
** {{desc|sqj-pro|alt=*linda}}
*** East {{desc|lt|láisti|alt=láisti, láidžiu|t=to let, let go}}
*** {{desc|sq|lind|t1=to bear, give birth|lindem|t2=to be born}}

*** {{desc|lv|laîst|alt=laîst, laîžu|t=to let}}
* {{l|ine-pro||*li-né-d-ti ~ *li-n-d-énti|pos=nasal-infix present}}
* {{l|ine-pro||*loyd-éye-ti|pos=eye-iterative}}<ref name="LIV_leid" />
⚫
** {{desc|sqj-pro|alt=*lāida}}
** Hellenic:
*** {{desc|grc|λίνδεσθαι|t=to contend|pos=pres.mp.inf.}}
*** {{desc|sqj-pro|alt=*lāidnja|der=1}}
** {{desc|sq|lind|t1=to bear, give birth|lindem|t2=to be born}}
**** {{desc|sq|lej|t=to bear, give birth}}
⚫
** {{desc|ine-bsl-pro|*laidīˀti}}
* {{?}} {{l|ine-pro||*lind-yé-ti|pos=yé-present}}{{ref|group=n|A {{m|ine-pro||yé}}-present built on a stem rebracketed from the nasal-infixed stem, a formation unusual in Greek.<ref name=Rix/>}}
** Hellenic:
⚫
*** {{desc|grc|λίζω|alt=*λίζω|t=to play}}
⚫
* {{l|ine-pro||*loyd-éye-ti|pos=frequentative}}
⚫
** {{desc|cel-pro|alt=loydeti}}<ref name=Matasović/>
⚫
*** {{desc|mga|laídid|t=incites}}
** Balto-Slavic:
*** {{desc|lt|láidyti|t=to let, let go, start moving}}
*** {{desc|lt|láidyti|t=to let, let go, start moving}}

⚫
** {{desc|sqj-pro|alt=*laidnja}}
*** {{desc|sq|lej|t=to bear, give birth}}
* {{l|ine-pro||*leid-sk-to-s}}<ref>{{R:bat:EDBIL|head=laiškas|pages=270–271}}</ref>
* {{l|ine-pro||*leid-sk-to-s}}<ref>{{R:bat:EDBIL|head=laiškas|pages=270–271}}</ref>
⚫
** {{desc|ine-bsl-pro}}
** Balto-Slavic:
*** {{desc|lt|láiškas|t=letter}}
*** {{desc|lt|láiškas|t=letter}}
*** {{desc|lv|laiska|t=leaf}}
*** {{desc|lv|laiska|t=leaf}}
*** {{desc|prg|lāiskas|t=booklet}}
*** {{desc|prg|lāiskas|t=booklet}}
*** {{desc|sla-pro|*listъ|t=letter}} {{see desc}}
*** {{desc|sla-pro|*listъ|t=letter}} {{see desc}}

* {{l|ine-pro||*loyd-eh₂}}
* {{l|ine-pro||*loyd-eh₂}}
** {{desc|cel-pro|alt=loydā}}<ref name=Matasović/>
** {{desc|cel-pro|alt=loydā|unc=1}}<ref>{{R:cel:EDPC|246|head=loyd-o-}}</ref>
*** {{desc|sga|lóid}}
*** {{desc|sga|lóid}}
**** {{desc|mga|láed|láid}}
**** {{desc|mga|láed|láid}}
Line 47: Line 40:
***** {{desc|gd|laoidh}}
***** {{desc|gd|laoidh}}


===Notes===
===References===
<references group=n/>
<references/>


===See also===
===Root===
{{ine-root}}<ref name="IEW">{{R:ine:IEW|666|head=leid-}}</ref><ref>{{R:ine:EIEC|head=*loid-|434}}</ref><ref name="LIV">{{R:ine:LIV|lei̯d-|pages=402–403}}</ref>
⚫
* {{l|ine-pro|*leh₁-}}

⚫
* {{l|ine-pro|*leh₁d-}}
# {{senseid|ine-pro|play}} to [[play]], [[content]]

====Derived terms====
* {{l|ine-pro||*lé-loyd-ti ~ *lé-lid-n̥ti|pos=reduplicated athematic root present}}<ref name="LIV" />
** {{desc|itc-pro|alt=*loidō}}<ref name="IEW" /><ref>{{R:itc:EDL|lūdō, -ere|pages=350–351}}</ref>
⚫
*** {{desc|la|lūdō|t=to play}}

* {{l|ine-pro||*lid-yé-ti|pos=zero-grade ye-present}}
⚫
** {{desc|grk-pro|*líďďō}}
⚫
*** {{desc|grc|λίζω|t=to play}}

* {{l|ine-pro||*li-né-d-ti ~ *li-n-d-énti|pos=nasal-infix present}}<ref name="LIV" />
⚫
** {{desc|grk-pro|*líndō}}
*** {{desc|grc|*λίνδω}}
**** {{desc|grc|λίνδεσθαι|t=to contend|pos=pres.mp.inf.|der=1}} {{q|+ {{l|grc|-εσθαι}}}}

⚫
* {{l|ine-pro||*loyd-éye-ti|pos=eye-iterative}}<ref name="LIV" />
⚫
** {{desc|cel-pro|*loydeti}}<ref>{{R:cel:EDPC|246|head=loyd-o-}}</ref>
⚫
*** {{desc|mga|laídid|t=incites}}

* Unsorted formations:
** {{desc|sqj-pro|*lādrā}}<ref>{{R:sq:Schumacher-Matzinger|page=235}}</ref>
⚫
*** {{desc|sq|lodër}}


===References===
===References===
<references/>
<references/>

===Further reading===
* {{R:ine:IEW|666|head=leid-}}

Revision as of 05:23, 28 June 2023

 This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Root

*leyd-[1][2][3][4]

  2. to let, allow
  3. to let go, release

Derived terms

  • *léyd-ti ~ *lid-énti (athematic root present)[1]
    • Lua error in Module:links at line 216: The specified language Proto-Balto-Slavic is unattested, while the given word is not marked with '*' to indicate that it is reconstructed. (see there for further descendants)
  • *le-loyd-ti ~ *lé-lid-n̥ti (reduplicated athematic root present)[1]
    • Proto-Balto-Slavic: *laiˀstei (see there for further descendants)
  • *li-né-d-ti ~ *li-n-d-énti (nasal-infix present)[1]
    • Proto-Albanian: *linda
      • Albanian: lind (“to bear, give birth”), lindem (“to be born”)
  • *loyd-éye-ti (eye-iterative)[1]
    • Proto-Albanian: *lāida
      • ⇒ Proto-Albanian: *lāidnja
        • Albanian: lej (“to bear, give birth”)
    • Proto-Balto-Slavic: *laidīˀti
      • Lithuanian: láidyti (“to let, let go, start moving”)
  • *leid-sk-to-s[5]
    • Proto-Balto-Slavic:
      • Lithuanian: láiškas (“letter”)
      • Latvian: laiska (“leaf”)
      • Old Prussian: lāiskas (“booklet”)
      • Proto-Slavic: *listъ (“letter”) (see there for further descendants)

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “lei̯d-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, pages 402–403
  2. ^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “lūdō, -ere”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 350–351
  3. ^ Derksen, Rick (2015) “leisti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 277
  4. ^ Matasović, Ranko (2009) “loyd-o-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 246
  5. ^ Derksen, Rick (2015) “laiškas”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 270–271
  6. ^ Matasović, Ranko (2009) “loyd-o-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 246

Root

*leyd-[1][2][3]

  2. to play, content

Derived terms

  • *lé-loyd-ti ~ *lé-lid-n̥ti (reduplicated athematic root present)[3]
  • *lid-yé-ti (zero-grade ye-present)

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Pokorny, Julius (1959) “leid-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 2, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 666
  2. ^ Mallory, J. P., Adams, D. Q., editors (1997), “*loid-”, in Encyclopedia of Indo-European culture, London, Chicago: Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers, page 434
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “lei̯d-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, pages 402–403
  4. ^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “lūdō, -ere”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 350–351
  5. ^ Matasović, Ranko (2009) “loyd-o-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 246
  6. ^ Schumacher, Stefan, Matzinger, Joachim (2013) Die Verben des Altalbanischen: Belegwörterbuch, Vorgeschichte und Etymologie (Albanische Forschungen; 33) (in German), Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, →ISBN, page 235
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