Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/leyd-

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This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European[edit]

Root[edit]

*leyd-[1][2]

  2. to let, allow
  3. to let go, release

Derived terms[edit]

  • *léyd-ti ~ *lid-énti (athematic root present)[2]
    • Proto-Balto-Slavic: *léiˀstei[3] (see there for further descendants)
  • *le-loyd-ti ~ *lé-lid-n̥ti (reduplicated athematic root present)[2]
    • Proto-Balto-Slavic: *laiˀstei (see there for further descendants)
  • *li-né-d-ti ~ *li-n-d-énti (nasal-infix present)[1][2]
    • >? Proto-Albanian: *linda[4]
      • Albanian: lind (“to bear, give birth”), lindem (“to be born”) (or *leunda ⇐ *leuda[5])
  • *loyd-éye-ti (eye-iterative)[2]
    • Proto-Albanian: *laida[4]
      • >? Albanian: le (“to bear, give birth”) (dialectal, or < *leuda < *h₁lewdʰ- (“to grow”)[5])
      • ⇒ Proto-Albanian: *laidna[6]
        • Albanian: lë (“to let”) (or < *lādna < *leh₁d- (“to be tired”)[7])
      • ⇒? Proto-Albanian: *laidnja[4]
        • Albanian: lej (“to bear, give birth”) (or < *leudnja[5])
    • Proto-Balto-Slavic: *laidīˀti
      • Lithuanian: láidyti (“to let, let go, start moving”)
  • *leid-sk-to-s[8]
    • Proto-Balto-Slavic:
      • Lithuanian: láiškas (“letter”)
      • Latvian: laiska (“leaf”)
      • Old Prussian: lāiskas (“booklet”)
      • Proto-Slavic: *listъ (“letter”) (see there for further descendants)

References[edit]

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Schmidt, Manfred Erwin (1930) “Untersuchungen zur albanischen Sprachgeschichte”, in Zeitschrift für vergleichende Sprachforschung auf dem Gebiete der Indogermanischen Sprachen, volume 57, number 1/2, Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, →JSTOR, page 34: “Wz. *leid- „gahen lessen“”
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “lei̯d-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, pages 402–403
  3. ^ Derksen, Rick (2015) “leisti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 277
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Orel, Vladimir E. (1998) “lej”, in Albanian Etymological Dictionary, Leiden, Boston, Köln: Brill, →ISBN, page 217
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 Jokl, Norbert (1911) Studien zur albanesischen Etymologie und Wortbildung (Sitzungsberichte der Philosophisch-Historischen Klasse der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften; 168) (in German), Vienna: A. Hölder, pages 226-228
  6. ^ Orel, Vladimir E. (1998) “lë ~ lâ”, in Albanian Etymological Dictionary, Leiden, Boston, Köln: Brill, →ISBN, page 220
  7. ^ Meyer, G. (1891) “l'ɛ̇”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch der albanesischen Sprache [Etymological Dictionary of the Albanian Language] (in German), Strasbourg: Karl J. Trübner, →DOI, page 242
  8. ^ Derksen, Rick (2015) “laiškas”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 270–271
  9. ^ Matasović, Ranko (2009) “loyd-o-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 246

Root[edit]

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*leyd-[1][2]

  2. to play, contend

Reconstruction notes[edit]

Rix suggests that this root derives from the root above.[3] Alternatively related to *leyg- (“to jump around, play”).[4]

Derived terms[edit]

  • *lé-loyd-ti ~ *lé-lid-n̥ti (reduplicated athematic root present)[3]
    • Proto-Italic: *loidō[5][6]
      • Latin: lūdō (“to play”) (see there for further descendants)
  • *lid-yé-ti (zero-grade ye-present)
  • *loyd-o-s[3]
    • Proto-Italic: *loidos[6]
  • *loyd-tó-s
    • Proto-Italic: *loissos
      • Latin: lūsus (“played”) (see there for further descendants)

References[edit]

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Pokorny, Julius (1959) “leid-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 2, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 666
  2. ^ Mallory, J. P., Adams, D. Q., editors (1997), “*loid-”, in Encyclopedia of Indo-European culture, London, Chicago: Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers, page 434
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “lei̯d-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, pages 402–403
  4. ^ Seebold, Elmar (1970) “LAIK-A-”, in Vergleichendes und etymologisches Wörterbuch der germanischen starken Verben (Janua Linguarum. Series practica; 85) (in German), Paris, Den Haag: Mouton, →ISBN, pages 321-322
  5. ^ Ernout, Alfred, Meillet, Antoine (1985) “lūdō”, in Dictionnaire étymologique de la langue latine: histoire des mots‎[1] (in French), 4th edition, with additions and corrections of Jacques André, Paris: Klincksieck, published 2001, pages 656-657: “*loidō”
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “lūdō, -ere”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 350–351: “PIt. *loid-e/o- ‘to play’, *loido- ‘play’”
  7. ^ Matasović, Ranko (2009) “loyd-o-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 246
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