𐬀𐬉𐬴𐬨𐬀

Avestan

FWOTD – 29 April 2017

Etymology

From Old Avestan 𐬀𐬉𐬱𐬆𐬨𐬀 (aēšəma), from Proto-Iranian *HayšHmah, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *HayšHmas (Ruki sound law), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁oysh₂-mo-s (“fury, wrath, violent passion”) (whence also Ancient Greek οἶμα (oîma)), from *h₁eysh₂- (“to fall upon, act sharply, be angry”). The use of 𐬴 (ṣ̌) instead of 𐬱 (š) must be a later scribal conflation.

Compare Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (ʾyšm), 𐫟𐫏𐫢𐫖 (xyšm), 𐫟𐫏𐫏𐫢𐫖 (xyyšm /⁠xēšm⁠/) (whence Persian خشم (xašm)), Ancient Greek οἶστρος (oîstros) and Latin īra.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ai̯ʃma/

Noun

𐬀𐬉𐬴𐬨𐬀 • (aēṣ̌ma) m (Young Avestan)

1. anger, fury, madness, wrath
   • Hymn to Haoma Yasna 10.8

     𐬬𐬍𐬯𐬞𐬈 ⸱ 𐬰𐬍 ⸱ 𐬀𐬥𐬌𐬌𐬉 ⸱ 𐬨𐬀𐬜𐬃𐬢𐬵𐬋 ⸱ 𐬀𐬉𐬴𐬨𐬀 ⸱ 𐬵𐬀𐬗𐬌𐬧𐬙𐬈 ⸱ 𐬑𐬭𐬎𐬎𐬍𐬨 ⸱ 𐬛𐬭𐬎𐬎𐬋 ⸱ 𐬁𐬀𐬝 ⸱ 𐬵𐬋 ⸱ 𐬫𐬋 ⸱ 𐬵𐬀𐬊𐬨𐬀𐬵𐬈 ⸱ 𐬨𐬀𐬜𐬋 ⸱ 𐬀𐬴𐬀 ⸱ 𐬵𐬀𐬗𐬀𐬌𐬙𐬈‎

     vīspe . zī . aniiē . maδā̊ŋhō . aēṣ̌ma . haciṇte . xruuīm . druuō . āat̰ . hō . yō . haomahe . maδō . aṣ̌a . hacaⁱte‎

     All other intoxicants bring on the madness of a bloody club, but the intoxication of Haoma brings Truth

2. (Zoroastrianism) Aeshma (the hypostasis of brutality and violence, as opposed to Truth)

Declension

Declension of 𐬀𐬉𐬴𐬨𐬀 (YAv, masculine a-stem)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	𐬀𐬉𐬴𐬨𐬋 aēṣ̌mō	𐬀𐬉𐬴𐬨𐬀 aēṣ̌ma	𐬀𐬉𐬴𐬨𐬀 aēṣ̌ma
Vocative	𐬀𐬉𐬴𐬨𐬀 aēṣ̌ma	𐬀𐬉𐬴𐬨𐬀 aēṣ̌ma	𐬀𐬉𐬴𐬨𐬀 aēṣ̌ma
Accusative	𐬀𐬉𐬴𐬨𐬆𐬨 aēṣ̌məm	𐬀𐬉𐬴𐬨𐬀 aēṣ̌ma	𐬀𐬉𐬴𐬨𐬄 aēṣ̌mą
Instrumental	𐬀𐬉𐬴𐬨𐬀 aēṣ̌ma	𐬀𐬉𐬴𐬨𐬀𐬉𐬌𐬠𐬌𐬌𐬀 aēṣ̌maēibiia	𐬀𐬉𐬴𐬨𐬁𐬌𐬱 aēṣ̌māiš
Dative	𐬀𐬉𐬴𐬨𐬁𐬌 aēṣ̌māi	𐬀𐬉𐬴𐬨𐬀𐬉𐬌𐬠𐬌𐬌𐬀 aēṣ̌maēibiia	𐬀𐬉𐬴𐬨𐬀𐬉𐬌𐬠𐬌𐬌𐬋 aēṣ̌maēibiiō
Ablative	𐬀𐬉𐬴𐬨𐬁𐬝 aēṣ̌māt̰	𐬀𐬉𐬴𐬨𐬀𐬉𐬌𐬠𐬌𐬌𐬀 aēṣ̌maēibiia	𐬀𐬉𐬴𐬨𐬀𐬉𐬌𐬠𐬌𐬌𐬋 aēṣ̌maēibiiō
Genitive	𐬀𐬉𐬴𐬨𐬀𐬵𐬈 aēṣ̌mahe	𐬀𐬉𐬴𐬨𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬃 aēṣ̌maiiā̊	𐬀𐬉𐬴𐬨𐬀𐬥𐬄𐬨 aēṣ̌manąm
Locative	𐬀𐬉𐬴𐬨𐬈 aēṣ̌me	𐬀𐬉𐬴𐬨𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬋 aēṣ̌maiiō	𐬀𐬉𐬴𐬨𐬀𐬉𐬱𐬎 aēṣ̌maēšu