Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₁wérus
 |
This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Indo-European
Etymology
Adjective
*h₁wérus[1]
Inflection
Older proterokinetic pattern:
| Athematic, proterokinetic | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| masculine | feminine | ||
| nominative | *h₁wérus | *h₁uréwih₂ | |
| genitive | *h₁uréws | *h₁uruyéh₂s | |
| masculine | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *h₁wérus | *h₁wéruh₁(e) | *h₁wérewes |
| vocative | *h₁wéru | *h₁wéruh₁(e) | *h₁wérewes |
| accusative | *h₁wérum | *h₁wéruh₁(e) | *h₁wérums |
| genitive | *h₁uréws | *? | *h₁uréwoHom |
| ablative | *h₁uréws | *? | *h₁urúmos, *h₁urúbʰos |
| dative | *h₁uréwey | *? | *h₁urúmos, *h₁urúbʰos |
| locative | *h₁uréw, *h₁uréwi | *? | *h₁urúsu |
| instrumental | *h₁urúh₁ | *? | *h₁urúmis, *h₁urúbʰis |
| feminine | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *h₁uréwih₂ | *h₁uréwih₂h₁(e) | *h₁uréwih₂es |
| vocative | *h₁uréwih₂ | *h₁uréwih₂h₁(e) | *h₁uréwih₂es |
| accusative | *h₁uréwih₂m̥ | *h₁uréwih₂h₁(e) | *h₁uréwih₂m̥s |
| genitive | *h₁uruyéh₂s | *? | *h₁uruyéh₂oHom |
| ablative | *h₁uruyéh₂s | *? | *h₁uruyéh₂mos, *h₁uruyéh₂bʰos |
| dative | *h₁uruyéh₂ey | *? | *h₁uruyéh₂mos, *h₁uruyéh₂bʰos |
| locative | *h₁uruyéh₂, *h₁uruyéh₂i | *? | *h₁uruyéh₂su |
| instrumental | *h₁uruyéh₂h₁ | *? | *h₁uruyéh₂mis, *h₁uruyéh₂bʰis |
| neuter | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *h₁wéru | *h₁wérwih₁ | *h₁wéruh₂ |
| vocative | *h₁wéru | *h₁wérwih₁ | *h₁wéruh₂ |
| accusative | *h₁wéru | *h₁wérwih₁ | *h₁wéruh₂ |
| genitive | *h₁uréws | *? | *h₁uréwoHom |
| ablative | *h₁uréws | *? | *h₁urúmos, *h₁urúbʰos |
| dative | *h₁uréwey | *? | *h₁urúmos, *h₁urúbʰos |
| locative | *h₁uréw, *h₁uréwi | *? | *h₁urúsu |
| instrumental | *h₁urúh₁ | *? | *h₁urúmis, *h₁urúbʰis |
Later hysterokinetic pattern:
| Athematic, hysterokinetic | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| masculine | feminine | ||
| nominative | *h₁urús | *h₁uréwih₂ | |
| genitive | *h₁uréws | *h₁uruyéh₂s | |
| masculine | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *h₁urús | *h₁urúh₁(e) | *h₁urúes |
| vocative | *h₁urú | *h₁urúh₁(e) | *h₁urúes |
| accusative | *h₁urúm | *h₁urúh₁(e) | *h₁urúms |
| genitive | *h₁uréws | *? | *h₁uréwoHom |
| ablative | *h₁uréws | *? | *h₁uréwmos, *h₁uréwbʰos |
| dative | *h₁uréwey | *? | *h₁uréwmos, *h₁uréwbʰos |
| locative | *h₁uréw, *h₁uréwi | *? | *h₁uréwsu |
| instrumental | *h₁uréwh₁ | *? | *h₁uréwmis, *h₁uréwbʰis |
| feminine | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *h₁uréwih₂ | *h₁uréwih₂h₁(e) | *h₁uréwih₂es |
| vocative | *h₁uréwih₂ | *h₁uréwih₂h₁(e) | *h₁uréwih₂es |
| accusative | *h₁uréwih₂m̥ | *h₁uréwih₂h₁(e) | *h₁uréwih₂m̥s |
| genitive | *h₁uruyéh₂s | *? | *h₁uruyéh₂oHom |
| ablative | *h₁uruyéh₂s | *? | *h₁uruyéh₂mos, *h₁uruyéh₂bʰos |
| dative | *h₁uruyéh₂ey | *? | *h₁uruyéh₂mos, *h₁uruyéh₂bʰos |
| locative | *h₁uruyéh₂, *h₁uruyéh₂i | *? | *h₁uruyéh₂su |
| instrumental | *h₁uruyéh₂h₁ | *? | *h₁uruyéh₂mis, *h₁uruyéh₂bʰis |
| neuter | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *h₁urú | *h₁urúyh₁ | *h₁urúh₂ |
| vocative | *h₁urú | *h₁urúyh₁ | *h₁urúh₂ |
| accusative | *h₁urú | *h₁urúyh₁ | *h₁urúh₂ |
| genitive | *h₁uréws | *? | *h₁uréwoHom |
| ablative | *h₁uréws | *? | *h₁uréwmos, *h₁uréwbʰos |
| dative | *h₁uréwey | *? | *h₁uréwmos, *h₁uréwbʰos |
| locative | *h₁uréw, *h₁uréwi | *? | *h₁uréwsu |
| instrumental | *h₁uréwh₁ | *? | *h₁uréwmis, *h₁uréwbʰis |
Derived terms
- *h₁weru-no-
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Hwárunas
- *h₁weru-wokʷ-, *h₁uru-wkʷ- (“far-sounding”)
Descendants
References
- ^ Ringe, Donald (2006) From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic (A Linguistic History of English; 1)[1], Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN