𐍄𐌰𐌹𐌽𐍃

Gothic

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *tainaz of uncertain etymology. Cognate to Old Norse teinn (“twig, sprout”) and Old Saxon tēn (“staff”), among others.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈtɛːns/

Noun

𐍄𐌰𐌹𐌽𐍃 • (tains) m

2. (hapax) twig or branch of a bush
   • 4th Century, Wulfila (tr.), Gothic Bible: Gospel of John (Codex Argenteus) 15.1–2:

     𐌹𐌺 𐌹𐌼 𐍅𐌴𐌹𐌽𐌰𐍄𐍂𐌹𐌿 𐌸𐌰𐍄𐌰 𐍃𐌿𐌽𐌾𐌴𐌹𐌽𐍉, 𐌾𐌰𐌷 𐌰𐍄𐍄𐌰 𐌼𐌴𐌹𐌽𐍃 𐍅𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍃𐍄𐍅𐌾𐌰 𐌹𐍃𐍄. / 𐌰𐌻𐌻 𐍄𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌴 𐌹𐌽 𐌼𐌹𐍃 𐌿𐌽𐌱𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌽𐌴 𐌰𐌺𐍂𐌰𐌽 𐌲𐍉𐌸, 𐌿𐍃𐌽𐌹𐌼𐌹𐌸 𐌹𐍄𐌰: 𐌾𐌰𐌷 𐌰𐌻𐌻 𐌰𐌺𐍂𐌰𐌽 𐌱𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌽𐌴, 𐌲𐌰𐌷𐍂𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌴𐌹𐌸 𐌹𐍄𐌰, 𐌴𐌹 𐌼𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌲𐌹𐌶𐍉 𐌰𐌺𐍂𐌰𐌽 𐌱𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌰.

     ik im weinatriu þata sunjeinō, jah atta meins waurstwja ist. / all tainē in mis unbairandanē akran gōþ, usnimiþ ita: jah all akran bairandanē, gahraineiþ ita, ei managizō akran bairaina.

     I am the true vine, and my Father is the husbandman. / Every branch in me that beareth not fruit he taketh away: and every branch that beareth fruit, he purgeth it, that it may bring forth more fruit. (KJV).

Usage notes

This word translates Koine Greek κλῆμα (klêma), as does its apparent hyponym 𐍅𐌴𐌹𐌽𐌰𐍄𐌰𐌹𐌽𐍃 (weinatains). It is only used for the twigs or branches of the vine; for branches of trees, the word 𐌰𐍃𐍄𐍃 (asts) is used.

Declension

Masculine a-stem
	Singular	Plural
Nominative	𐍄𐌰𐌹𐌽𐍃 tains	𐍄𐌰𐌹𐌽𐍉𐍃 tainōs
Vocative	𐍄𐌰𐌹𐌽 tain	𐍄𐌰𐌹𐌽𐍉𐍃 tainōs
Accusative	𐍄𐌰𐌹𐌽 tain	𐍄𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌰𐌽𐍃 tainans
Genitive	𐍄𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌹𐍃 tainis	𐍄𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌴 tainē
Dative	𐍄𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌰 taina	𐍄𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌰𐌼 tainam

Holonyms

• 𐍅𐌴𐌹𐌽𐌰𐍄𐍂𐌹𐌿 (weinatriu, “vine”)

Derived terms

• 𐍅𐌴𐌹𐌽𐌰𐍄𐌰𐌹𐌽𐍃 (weinatains, “vine twig”)

Related terms

• 𐍄𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌾𐍉 (tainjō, “basket”)

See also

• 𐍅𐌴𐌹𐌽𐌰𐌱𐌰𐍃𐌹 (weinabasi, “grape”)
• 𐌲𐌰𐌷𐍂𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌾𐌰𐌽 (gahrainjan, “to clean up, to purge, to prune”)

References

• Lehmann, Winfred P. (1986) “T10. *tains”, in A Gothic Etymological Dictionary, based on the 3rd ed. of Feist’s dictionary, Leiden: E. J. Brill, page 340
• Streitberg, Wilhelm (1910). Die gotische Bibel. Zweiter Teil: Gotisch-griechisch-deutsches Wörterbuch. Heidelberg: Carl Winter’s Universitätsbuchhandlung, p. 137