𐌰𐍃𐍄𐍃

Gothic

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *astaz, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃ósdos.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈasts/

Noun

𐌰𐍃𐍄𐍃 • (asts) m

2. branch (woody part of a tree arising from the trunk)
   • 4th century C.E., Wulfila (attributed), Gothic Bible, John 12:13:

     𐌽𐌴𐌼𐌿𐌽 𐌰𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌽𐍃 𐍀𐌴𐌹𐌺𐌰𐌱𐌰𐌲𐌼𐌴 𐌾𐌰𐌷 𐌿𐍂𐍂𐌿𐌽𐌽𐌿𐌽 𐍅𐌹𐌸𐍂𐌰𐌲𐌰𐌼𐍉𐍄𐌾𐌰𐌽 𐌹𐌼𐌼𐌰 𐌾𐌰𐌷 𐌷𐍂𐍉𐍀𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿𐌽: 𐍉𐍃𐌰𐌽𐌽𐌰, 𐌸𐌹𐌿𐌸𐌹𐌳𐌰 𐍃𐌰 𐌵𐌹𐌼𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰 𐌹𐌽 𐌽𐌰𐌼𐌹𐌽 𐍆𐍂𐌰𐌿𐌾𐌹𐌽𐍃, 𐌸𐌹𐌿𐌳𐌰𐌽𐍃 𐌹𐍃𐍂𐌰𐌴𐌻𐌹𐍃.

     nēmun astans peikabagmē jah urrunnun wiþragamōtjan imma jah hrōpidēdun: ōsanna, þiuþida sa qimanda in namin fraujins, þiudans israēlis.

     Took branches of palm trees, and went forth to meet him, and cried, Hosanna: Blessed is the King of Israel that cometh in the name of the Lord. (KJV).

   • 4th century C.E., Wulfila (attributed), Gothic Bible, Mark 13:28:

     𐌰𐌸𐌸𐌰𐌽 𐌰𐍆 𐍃𐌼𐌰𐌺𐌺𐌰𐌱𐌰𐌲𐌼𐌰 𐌲𐌰𐌼𐌹𐌽𐌹𐌸 𐌸𐍉 𐌲𐌰𐌾𐌿𐌺𐍉𐌽. 𐌸𐌰𐌽 𐌸𐌹𐍃 𐌾𐌿𐌸𐌰𐌽 𐌰𐍃𐍄𐍃 𐌸𐌻𐌰𐌵𐌿𐍃 𐍅𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌸𐌹𐌸, 𐌾𐌰𐌷 𐌿𐍃𐌺𐌴𐌹𐌽𐌰𐌽𐌳 𐌻𐌰𐌿𐌱𐍉𐍃, 𐌺𐌿𐌽𐌽𐌿𐌸 𐌸𐌰𐍄𐌴𐌹 𐌽𐌴𐍈𐌰 𐌹𐍃𐍄 𐌰𐍃𐌰𐌽𐍃.

     aþþan af smakkabagma gaminiþ þō gajukōn. þan þis juþan asts þlaqus wairþiþ, jah uskeinand laubōs, kunnuþ þatei nēƕa ist asans.

     Now learn a parable of the fig tree; When her branch is yet tender, and putteth forth leaves, ye know that summer is near: (KJV).

   • 4th century C.E., Wulfila (attributed), Gothic Bible, Romans 11:16:

     𐌸𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌴𐌹 𐌿𐍆𐌰𐍂𐍃𐌺𐌰𐍆𐍄𐍃 𐍅𐌴𐌹𐌷𐌰, 𐌾𐌰𐌷 𐌳𐌰𐌹𐌲𐍃, 𐌾𐌰𐌷 𐌾𐌰𐌱𐌰𐌹 𐍅𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍄𐍃 𐍅𐌴𐌹𐌷𐌰, 𐌾𐌰𐌷 𐌰𐍃𐍄𐍉𐍃.

     þandei ufarskafts weiha, jah daigs, jah jabai waurts weiha, jah astōs.

     For if the firstfruit be holy, the lump is also holy: and if the root be holy, so are the branches. (KJV).

Usage notes

This word translates several Koine Greek words for branch: κλάδος (kládos, “branch”) (several times), βάϊον (báïon, “palm branch”) (once) and στοιβάς (stoibás, “leafy branch”) (once).

Declension

Masculine a-stem
	Singular	Plural
Nominative	𐌰𐍃𐍄𐍃 asts	𐌰𐍃𐍄𐍉𐍃 astōs
Vocative	𐌰𐍃𐍄 ast	𐌰𐍃𐍄𐍉𐍃 astōs
Accusative	𐌰𐍃𐍄 ast	𐌰𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌽𐍃 astans
Genitive	𐌰𐍃𐍄𐌹𐍃 astis	𐌰𐍃𐍄𐌴 astē
Dative	𐌰𐍃𐍄𐌰 asta	𐌰𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌼 astam

Holonyms

• 𐌱𐌰𐌲𐌼𐍃 (bagms, “tree”)

See also

• 𐌼𐌰𐌹𐍄𐌰𐌽 (maitan, “to cut”)
• 𐌿𐍃𐌺𐌴𐌹𐌽𐌰𐌽 (uskeinan, “to sprout up, germinate”)
• 𐌹𐌽𐍄𐍂𐌿𐍃𐌲𐌾𐌰𐌽 (intrusgjan, “graft in”)

Further reading

• Lehmann, Winfred P. (1986) “A212. asts”, in A Gothic Etymological Dictionary, based on the 3rd ed. of Feist’s dictionary, Leiden: E. J. Brill, page 45
• Streitberg, Wilhelm (1910). Die gotische Bibel. Zweiter Teil: Gotisch-griechisch-deutsches Wörterbuch. Heidelberg: Carl Winter’s Universitätsbuchhandlung, p. 13