ναίω

Ancient Greek

Etymology

Possibly from Proto-Indo-European *nes- (“to join with, to conceal oneself”), but Beekes considers this uncertain. See νέομαι (néomai, “to go or come back”).

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /nǎi̯.ɔː/ → /ˈnɛ.o/ → /ˈne.o/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /nǎi̯.ɔː/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ˈnɛ.o/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ˈnɛ.o/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ˈne.o/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ˈne.o/

Verb

ναίω • (naíō)

1. (present and imperfect only) I dwell, abide
   • 525 BCE – 455 BCE, Aeschylus, Prometheus Bound 794
   • 750 BCE – 650 BCE, Hesiod, Works and Days 18
   • 750 BCE – 650 BCE, Hesiod, Works and Days 288
   • 750 BCE – 650 BCE, Hesiod, Theogony 130
   • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 2.130
   • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 2.412
   • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 2.522
   • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 2.615
   • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 6.396
   • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 16.719
   • 556 BCE – 468 BCE, Simonides, Fragmenta 58
   • 429 BCE, Sophocles, Oedipus the King 338
   • 429 BCE, Sophocles, Oedipus the King 1105
   • 409 BCE, Sophocles, Philoctetes 1105
   1. (with accusative of place) I inhabit
      • 375 BCE – 275 BCE, Alexis 22
      • 300 BCE – 250 BCE, Apollonius of Rhodes, Argonautica 1.794
      • 405 BCE, Euripides, The Bacchae 719
      • 412 BCE, Euripides, Helen 1584
      • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 20.288
      • 750 BCE – 650 BCE, Hesiod, Works and Days 8
      • 522 BCE – 443 BCE, Pindar, Fragments 123.10
      • 522 BCE – 443 BCE, Pindar, Pythian Ode 7.5
      • 497 BCE – 405 BCE, Sophocles, Electra 1375
      • 497 BCE – 405 BCE, Sophocles, Fragments 1125
      • 300 BCE – 200 BCE, Theocritus, Collected Works 16.88
   2. (of places) I lie, am situated
      • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 2.626
      • 497 BCE – 405 BCE, Sophocles, Ajax 598
2. (causal, with accusative of place) I give one to dwell in; I make habitable, build
   • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 4.174
   • 522 BCE – 443 BCE, Pindar, Paean 5.36
   • 7th–6th centuries BC, Homeric Hymn to Apollo 298
   1. (middle voice) I found
      • 300 BCE – 250 BCE, Apollonius of Rhodes, Argonautica 4.275
   2. (passive voice) I am situated
      • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 3.400
   3. (with accusative of person) I let one dwell, I settle them
      • 300 BCE – 250 BCE, Apollonius of Rhodes, Argonautica 4.567
      • 522 BCE – 443 BCE, Pindar, Pythian Ode 5.71
3. (middle and passive in active sense) I settle
   • 300 BCE – 250 BCE, Apollonius of Rhodes, Argonautica 2.747
   • Dem.Bith. 6
   • 100 CE – 300 CE, Dionysius Periegetes, Periegesis 264
   • 100 CE – 300 CE, Dionysius Periegetes, Periegesis 349
   • 750 BCE – 650 BCE, Hesiod, Works and Days 639
   • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 14.119
   • 340 BCE – 285 BCE, Philitas, Collected Works 24
4. alternative form of νάω

Inflection

   Present: ναίω, ναίομαι

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	ναίω	ναίεις	ναίει	ναίετον	ναίετον	ναίομεν	ναίετε	ναίουσῐ(ν)
	subjunctive	ναίω	ναίῃς	ναίῃ	ναίητον	ναίητον	ναίωμεν	ναίητε	ναίωσῐ(ν)
	optative	ναίοιμῐ	ναίοις	ναίοι	ναίοιτον	ναιοίτην	ναίοιμεν	ναίοιτε	ναίοιεν
	imperative		ναῖε	ναιέτω	ναίετον	ναιέτων		ναίετε	ναιόντων
middle/ passive	indicative	ναίομαι	ναίῃ, ναίει	ναίεται	ναίεσθον	ναίεσθον	ναιόμεθᾰ	ναίεσθε	ναίονται
	subjunctive	ναίωμαι	ναίῃ	ναίηται	ναίησθον	ναίησθον	ναιώμεθᾰ	ναίησθε	ναίωνται
	optative	ναιοίμην	ναίοιο	ναίοιτο	ναίοισθον	ναιοίσθην	ναιοίμεθᾰ	ναίοισθε	ναίοιντο
	imperative		ναίου	ναιέσθω	ναίεσθον	ναιέσθων		ναίεσθε	ναιέσθων
		active				middle/passive
infinitive		ναίειν				ναίεσθαι
participle	m	ναίων				ναιόμενος
	f	ναίουσᾰ				ναιομένη
	n	ναῖον				ναιόμενον
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

   Imperfect: ἔναιον, ἐναιόμην

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	ἔναιον	ἔναιες	ἔναιε(ν)	ἐναίετον	ἐναιέτην	ἐναίομεν	ἐναίετε	ἔναιον
middle/ passive	indicative	ἐναιόμην	ἐναίου	ἐναίετο	ἐναίεσθον	ἐναιέσθην	ἐναιόμεθᾰ	ἐναίεσθε	ἐναίοντο
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

   Imperfect: ναῖον, ναιόμην (Epic)

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	ναῖον	ναῖες	ναῖε(ν)	ναίετον	ναιέτην	ναίομεν	ναίετε	ναῖον
middle/ passive	indicative	ναιόμην	ναίου	ναίετο	ναίεσθον	ναιέσθην	ναιόμε(σ)θᾰ	ναίεσθε	ναίοντο
Notes:	Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

   Imperfect: ναίεσκον, ναιεσκόμην (Epic)

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	ναίεσκον	ναίεσκες	ναίεσκε(ν)	ναιέσκετον	ναιεσκέτην	ναιέσκομεν	ναιέσκετε	ναίεσκον
middle/ passive	indicative	ναιεσκόμην	ναιέσκου	ναιέσκετο	ναιέσκεσθον	ναιεσκέσθην	ναιεσκόμε(σ)θᾰ	ναιέσκεσθε	ναιέσκοντο
Notes:	Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

   Future: νάσσομαι, νασθήσομαι

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
middle	indicative	νάσσομαι	νάσσῃ, νάσσει	νάσσεται	νάσσεσθον	νάσσεσθον	νασσόμεθᾰ	νάσσεσθε	νάσσονται
	optative	νασσοίμην	νάσσοιο	νάσσοιτο	νάσσοισθον	νασσοίσθην	νασσοίμεθᾰ	νάσσοισθε	νάσσοιντο
passive	indicative	νασθήσομαι	νασθήσῃ	νασθήσεται	νασθήσεσθον	νασθήσεσθον	νασθησόμεθᾰ	νασθήσεσθε	νασθήσονται
	optative	νασθησοίμην	νασθήσοιο	νασθήσοιτο	νασθήσοισθον	νασθησοίσθην	νασθησοίμεθᾰ	νασθήσοισθε	νασθήσοιντο
					middle		passive
infinitive					νάσσεσθαι		νασθήσεσθαι
participle	m				νασσόμενος		νασθησόμενος
	f				νασσομένη		νασθησομένη
	n				νασσόμενον		νασθησόμενον
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

   Aorist: νᾶσσᾰ, νασσᾰ́μην, νάσθην (Epic)

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	νᾶσσᾰ	νᾶσσᾰς	νᾶσσε(ν)	νάσσᾰτον	νασσᾰ́την	νάσσᾰμεν	νάσσᾰτε	νᾶσσᾰν
	subjunctive	νάσσω, νάσσωμῐ	νάσσῃς, νάσσῃσθᾰ	νάσσῃ, νάσσῃσῐ	νάσσητον	νάσσητον	νάσσωμεν	νάσσητε	νάσσωσῐ(ν)
	optative	νάσσαιμῐ	νάσσαις, νάσσαισθᾰ, νάσσειᾰς	νάσσειε(ν), νάσσαι	νασσεῖτον	νασσείτην	νασσεῖμεν	νασσεῖτε	νασσεῖεν
	imperative		νᾶσσον	νασσᾰ́τω	νάσσᾰτον	νασσᾰ́των		νάσσᾰτε	νασσᾰ́ντων
middle	indicative	νασσᾰ́μην	νάσσᾰο	νάσσᾰτο	νάσσᾰσθον	νασσᾰ́σθην	νασσᾰ́με(σ)θᾰ	νάσσᾰσθε	νάσσᾰντο
	subjunctive	νάσσωμαι	νάσσηαι	νάσσηται	νάσσησθον	νάσσησθον	νασσώμε(σ)θᾰ	νάσσησθε	νάσσωνται
	optative	νασσαίμην	νάσσαιο	νάσσαιτο	νάσσαισθον	νασσαίσθην	νασσαίμε(σ)θᾰ	νάσσαισθε	νασσαίᾰτο
	imperative		νᾶσσαι	νασσᾰ́σθω	νάσσᾰσθον	νασσᾰ́σθων		νάσσᾰσθε	νασσᾰ́σθων
passive	indicative	νάσθην	νάσθης	νάσθη	νάσθητον	νασθήτην	νάσθημεν	νάσθητε	νάσθησᾰν, νᾶσθεν
	subjunctive	νασθῶ	νασθῇς	νασθῇ	νασθῆτον	νασθῆτον	νασθῶμεν	νασθῆτε	νασθῶσῐ(ν)
	optative	νασθείην	νασθείης	νασθείη	νασθεῖτον, νασθείητον	νασθείτην, νασθειήτην	νασθεῖμεν, νασθείημεν	νασθεῖτε, νασθείητε	νάσθειεν, νασθείησᾰν
	imperative		νάσθητῐ	νασθήτω	νάσθητον	νασθήτων		νάσθητε	νασθέντων
		active			middle		passive
infinitive		νᾶσσαι/νασσᾰ́μεν/νασσᾰμέναι			νάσσᾰσθαι		νασθῆναι/νασθήμεναι
participle	m	νάσσᾱς			νασσᾰ́μενος		νασθείς
	f	νάσσᾱσᾰ			νασσᾰμένη		νασθεῖσᾰ
	n	νᾶσσᾰν			νασσᾰ́μενον		νασθέν
Notes:	Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

   Perfect: νένασμαι

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
middle/ passive	indicative	νένασμαι	νένασαι	νένασται	νένασθον	νένασθον	νενάσμεθᾰ	νένασθε	νενάσᾰται
	subjunctive	νενασμένος ὦ	νενασμένος ᾖς	νενασμένος ᾖ	νενασμένω ἦτον	νενασμένω ἦτον	νενασμένοι ὦμεν	νενασμένοι ἦτε	νενασμένοι ὦσῐ(ν)
	optative	νενασμένος εἴην	νενασμένος εἴης	νενασμένος εἴη	νενασμένω εἴητον/εἶτον	νενασμένω εἰήτην/εἴτην	νενασμένοι εἴημεν/εἶμεν	νενασμένοι εἴητε/εἶτε	νενασμένοι εἴησᾰν/εἶεν
	imperative		νένασο	νενάσθω	νένασθον	νενάσθων		νένασθε	νενάσθων
						middle/passive
infinitive						νενᾶσθαι
participle	m					νενασμένος
	f					νενασμένη
	n					νενασμένον
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Derived terms

• ἀποναίω (aponaíō)
• εἰσναίω (eisnaíō)
• ἐνναίω (ennaíō)
• κᾰτᾰναίω (katanaíō)

• πᾰρᾰναίω (paranaíō)
• περῐναίω (perinaíō)
• σῠνναίω (sunnaíō)
• ὑποναίω (huponaíō)

Related terms

• νᾰετήρ (naetḗr)
• νᾰέτης (naétēs)
• ναέτωρ (naétōr)
• ναιετάω (naietáō)

• νᾱός (nāós)
• ναστήρ (nastḗr)
• νάστης (nástēs)

Further reading

• Pokorny, Julius (1959) Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 2, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 766
• “ναίω”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “ναίω”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “ναίω”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
• ναίω in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
• ναίω in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
• “ναίω”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
• Chantraine, Pierre (1968–1980) “ναίω”, in Dictionnaire étymologique de la langue grecque (in French), Paris: Klincksieck

Verb

ναίω • (naíō)

1. Alternative form of νάω (náō)